Vowels

æ

• “plaid”

• low height

• front advancement

• unrounded

ɛ

• “red”

• low-mid height

• front advancement

• unrounded

ɪ

• “kid”

• high height

• front advancement

• unrounded

i

• “key”

• high height

• front advancement

• unrounded

ɑ

• “car”, “cod”

• low height

• back advancement

• unrounded

ↄ

• “saw”

• low-mid height

• back advancement

• rounded

o

• “soda”

• high-mid height

• back advancement

• rounded

oʊ

• “boat”

• high-mid/high height

• back advancement

• (always sue for one syllable words)

• (always use for stress syllable)

• (always use for word-final open syllables)

e

• “donate”

• high-mid height

• front advancement

• unrounded

eɪ

• “donation”

• high-mid/high height

• front advancement

• unrounded

• (always use for one syllable words)

• (always use for stress syllable)

• (always use for word-final open syllables)

u

• “moon”

• high height

• back advancement

• rounded

Ʊ

• “wood”

• high height

• back advancement

• rounded

ə

• “about”

• mid height

• central advancement

• unrounded

ʌ

• “bud”, “us”

• low-mid height

• back-central advancement

• unrounded

• (always use for one syllable words)

• (always use for stress syllable)

• (always use for word final open syllable)

ɚ

• “butter”, “under”

• mid height

• central advancement

• rounded

ɝ

• “burr”, “bird”

• mid height

• central advancement

• rounded

• (always use for one syllable words)

• (always use for stress syllable)

• (always use for word final open syllable)