Chemistry Placement Assessment Study Guide Flashcards

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and reactions from the Chemistry Placement Assessment Study Guide.

Chemical Formula for Ionic Compounds

Combine the cation and anion so that the total charge is neutral.

Common Polyatomic Ions

Chlorate (ClO3^-), sulfate (SO4^2-), nitrate (NO3^-).

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

The correct name for CO2.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom.

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Properties of Metals

Conductive, malleable, ductile.

Diatomic Molecules

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2.

Most Common Form of Oxygen

O2 (dioxygen).

Synthesis Reaction

A type of reaction represented as A + B → AB.

Combustion Reaction

A reaction in which a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O.

Balanced Equation for C3H8 + O2

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O.

Avogadro’s Number

6.022 × 10^23 particles per mole.

Limiting Reactant

Determined by comparing the mole ratio of reactants to the balanced equation.

Conversion of NaCl to Moles

10.0 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.171 moles.

Formula for Molarity

M = moles of solute / liters of solution.

Dilution Formula

M1V1 = M2V2.

Molarity of NaCl in Solution

0.171 M when 10.0 g NaCl is dissolved in 500 mL water.

Density Formula

Density = mass/volume.

Strong Acids

HCl, HNO3.

NH3 Classification

It is a base.

pH Range of Acids

0 to 6.9.

Three Main States of Matter

Solid, liquid, gas.

Boiling Point Transition

A substance transitions from liquid to gas.

State at 25°C with Boiling Point of 75°C

Liquid.

What is a cation?

A cation is a positively charged ion, which means it has lost one or more electrons.

What is an anion?

An anion is a negatively charged ion, which means it has gained one or more electrons.

What charge does a cation carry?

A cation carries a positive charge.

What charge does an anion carry?

An anion carries a negative charge.

What is a base?

A base is a substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, often by producing hydroxide ions (OH-) or by accepting protons (H+).