WEEk 14

what is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system

removal of metabolic wastes

what is the main nitrogenous waste product of amino acid metabolism

urea

what happens to ammonia, a toxic byproduct of amino acid metabolism, in the liver?

it is combined with CO2 to form urea

elevated levels of urea in the blood can cause which of the following conditions?

uremia

what is a condition caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints

gout

the kidneys regulate the balance of ______________ to maintain blood pressure

sodium and potassium

how do the kidneys help maintain blood pH

secreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions

the kidneys release the enzyme renin, which leads to the secretion of..

aldosterone

what is the function of erythropoietin secreted by the kidneys

stimulate the production of red blood cells

what happens during glomerular filtration

blood pressure forces fluid and molecules out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule

primary function of the tubular reabsorption process?

to move molecules and water from the nephron back into the blood

in the process of tubular secretion, which substances are actively secreted into the nephron from the blood?

hydrogen ions

how does the reabsorption of sodium in the nephron affect water movement?

water moves passively into the blood due to osmosis

what is the result of excessive levels of glucose in the urine?

it exceeds the transport capacity of carrier proteins, leading to glucosuria

the kidneys filter blood at what structure

glomerulus

the renal tubule secretes..

waste products into the urine

what happens if the efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole in the glomerulus?

blood pressure increases in the glomerulus, leading to more filtration