Ancient Greece

What were the social classes in ancient Greece from top to bottom?

Nobles/Aristocrats, Artisans/Traders (Middle Class), Poor Farmers/Semi-free Laborers (Helots), Women and Children/Males without Citizenship, Slaves/Douloi, Foreigners.

What did the term 'Aristoi' refer to in ancient Greek society?

The top of the social class and rich farmers.

What were Helots in Spartan society?

Captive workers in Sparta.

What were Douloi responsible for in ancient Greece?

They had civil and military duties.

Who were the Perioikoi in Greek society?

A group that included poor farmers, semi-free laborers, women, children, males without citizenship, slaves, douloi, and foreigners.

Why couldn't women, slaves, and foreigners have citizenship in ancient Greece?

Because they were considered inferior to citizens.

What was the status of laborers compared to slaves in ancient Greece?

There were more laborers than slaves; laborers could not be sold and could live with their families.

Why were slaves important to Greek society?

They were acquired through war and conquest and were considered inferior to others.

What did citizens believe about the hope for slaves?

They believed that slaves might be free someday.

What skills did foreigners bring to Greek society?

Skills such as pottery and metal-working.

What class were foreigners required to register under to live in Greece?

Metics.

What were the responsibilities of Athenian men regarding education?

They taught boys to read, write, do arithmetic, play instruments, sing, and play sports.

What age did boys finish school in ancient Athens?

At 18 years old.

How were Spartan women different from Athenian women?

Spartan women were more free, could own property, and trained in sports, while Athenian girls mainly stayed home.

What atypical education did wealthy Athenian girls receive?

They were taught to read, write, and play the lyre.

What were common activities that all Greeks participated in?

Parties, hunting, and chariot racing.

What type of government did Sparta adopt after the rule of tyrants?

An oligarchy.

What is an oligarchy?

A government in which a few people hold power.

What is democracy?

A government where all citizens hold power.

What was the age when Spartan men entered the army?

At 20 years old.

What role did the Ephors play in Spartan society?

They enforced and managed laws.

Who were Peisistratus and Cleisthenes?

Tyrants who came to power in Athens.

What did Peisistratus create to aid with governance in Athens?

A new council of 500 people.

How were members of the Athenian council chosen?

By lottery.

What percentage of the population actually had citizenship in ancient Athens?

Between 10% and 20%.

What was the Delian League?

A military alliance formed by Athens with other city-states.

What was the significance of the Olympic Games in Greek society?

They were highly valued and were a means of competition between city-states.

Who were the 12 Olympians in Greek mythology?

Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, Apollo, Ares, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus.

What role did Greek myths play in ancient Greek beliefs?

They expressed their beliefs about gods controlling nature and human-like gods with special powers.

What was the purpose of rituals in ancient Greece?

To give gifts to the gods and hope for good fortune in return.

What was an oracle in ancient Greece?

An area where a priest or priestess spoke to a god to provide someone with answers about their future.

What was the typical response format of the oracle's answers?

Answers were given in riddles after consulting the gods.

During what occasions would Greeks hold mass meetings?

To make laws and decisions regarding governance.

What was the primary method through which leaders were chosen in Athenian democracy?

By lottery or sortition.

What was the council called that had a significant role in setting the agenda in Ancient Athens?

The Boule.

How did Athenian democracy differ from other forms of government?

It was a direct democracy where citizens could gather in meetings to influence governance.

What was the training for girls in Sparta focused on?

Sports training such as running and wrestling.

What was a significant outcome of Solon's reforms for farmers?

He canceled farmers' debts and freed slaves.

What was the significance of military duties in Spartan culture?

Spartan men were expected to serve in the military for most of their lives, entering at 20 and serving until 60.

How often could foreigners become full citizens in ancient Greece?

Only occasionally, under specific circumstances.

What is a primary difference between Athens and Sparta?

Athens was democratic, emphasizing education, architecture, and naval power, while Sparta was oligarchic, prioritizing military training and strength.