Nurs 432 Midterm Exam (6 mos old)

secondary data

data others have collected:

population

groups of people, who may or may not interact with each other, but who have common health concerns and needs:

population

people of the same age is an example of:

population

individuals with the same medical diagnosis is an example of:

population

people with disabilities is an example of:

assessment, policy development, assurance

3 core functions of public health:

health outcome

anything that might indicate health or wellbeing of a population:

health outcome

cardiovascular disease, HIV, and depression are examples of:

population health

a field of study that focuses on the health needs of a specific group of people:

population health

addresses health needs of entire groups:

population health nurse

role is implementing interventions to address these causes and improve health outcomes:

microaggressions

unintentional, daily, quick statements or actions of a discriminatory nature, based on dominant culture ideology; discriminatory belief systems:

prejudice

beliefs about groups of people based on specific characteristics or identities that make one group better than the other:

prejudice

the groups have hierarchal differences that are measured or judged:

systemic racism

an umbrella term for the deep-seated inequality in society and antiblack ideologies:

systemic racism

the idea that racism has been part of the US since its founding and that it continues to be reproduced through various institutions, such as the educational system and the criminal justice system:

discrimination

actions taken (either implicitly or explicitly) based on prejudiced beliefs that result in treating groups of people differently or creating systems that advantage certain groups over others:

micro level discrimination

describes connections among people and issues as seen from a personal or individual perspective:

macro level discrimination

oppression and discrimination that happens in the larger society:

intersectionality

the ways that class, race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability, status, and other markers of difference intersect to inform individuals realities and lived experiences:

implicit (unconscious) bias

attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner:

implicit (unconscious) bias

a negative attitude, of which one is not consciously aware, against a specific social group:

implicit bias

counter stereotypic imaging, emotional regulation, individuation, mindfulness, perspective taking, and partnership building are strategies to reduce:

counter stereotypic imaging

replace an image of a stereotypical group member with the image of someone who is in that group but does not fit that stereotype:

emotional regulation

recognize negative reactions (fear, anxiety, frustration) to patients from vulnerable groups and intentionally strive to be empathetic, patient, and compassionate:

individuation

mindfully seek to see the patient as an individual instead of as a member of the stigmatized group:

mindfulness

calm our thoughts, take a deep breath, pause before speaking:

perspective taking

purposely and empathetically think about what the patient is thinking and feeling, stimulating feelings of caring and compassion:

partnership building

intentionally frame the clinical encounter as one where the nurse and patient are equals, working collaboratively toward a shared goal:

epidemiology

the examination of the distribution of health and illness within a population, the causes of health outcomes, and using this knowledge to control disease or lessen the consequences of health problems:

epidemiology

the study of the distribution, determinants, and control of health-related events or diseases in populations:

epidemiology

the study of the causes of health outcomes:

epidemiology

it is WHY we are seeing these differences in health outcomes among one population compared to another:

epidemiology

why are people getting sick? then investigate which pathogen is causing the illness is an example of:

casualty

one event is the result of another event:

casualty

links between contributing factors and resulting states of health and illness:

casualty

there is e coli on the lettuce at a company picnic, everyone eats the salad, then everyone ends up with GI symptoms in the ED is an example of:

risk

probability that a given individual will develop a specific condition:

absolute risk

probability that anyone in a given population will develop a particular condition:

relative risk

probability that someone in a group of people with a particular characteristic will develop the condition when compared to people without the characteristic:

rates of occurrence

statistical measure that indicates the extent of a health problem within a group:

rates of occurrence

allows comparison between groups of different sizes or divide the instances of an event by the population at risk:

morbidity

illness:

deaths

morbidities are NOT _____

mortality

actual deaths that occur:

case fatality

the number of people who develop a health problem and will die as a result of it:

surveillance

systemic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data in order to protect the public's health AND the timely dissemination of the data to those who need to know in order to protect public's health:

incidence

number of new cases of a particular condition in a specific time period:

prevalence

total number of people affected by a particular condition at a given point:

prevalence

how many people have the illness or disease at a certain time:

incidence

measure of disease RISK:

prevalence

measure of disease BURDEN:

incidence rate

the number of new cases of a particular condition identified during a specific period of time:

prevalence rate

total number of people affected by a particular condition at a specified point in time:

herd immunity

protection due to the immunity of most community members, making exposure unlikely:

herd immunity, natural immunity, acquired immunity

3 types of immunity:

natural immunty

natural defense mechanisms of the body resist specific antigens or toxins:

acquired immunity

we are NOT born with it, so when pathogens are introduced to the body from a vaccine or a disease, the body learns to target these pathogens in the future by making new antibodies:

active acquired immunity

when our body produces antibodies in response to infection or immunization:

passive acquired immunity

antibodies are given/transferred to the body:

passive acquired immunity

this type of immunity is through administration of antibodies, plasma proteins, or antitoxins:

passive acquired immunity

this type of immunity is via mother to newborn and all the body does it store the antibodies that are given to it:

active acquired immunity

this type of immunity is getting an immunization:

active acquired immunity

this type of immunity is when our body produces antibodies in response to getting an infection with the causative agent itself:

active acquired immunity

this type of immunity requires an exposure to an agent:

active immunity

this type of immunity has a slow onset and has long lasting protection (memory):

active immunity

this type of immunity is induced after exposure to foreign antigens:

naturally acquired active immunity

a person is exposed to a live pathogen, and develops a primary immune response, which leads to immunological memory, is an example of:

naturally acquired active immunity

most effective and longest lasting type of immunity:

naturally acquired active immunity

type of immunity where the person is making his or her own antibodies:

artificially acquired active immunity

a person can build resistance to a disease following an immunization:

artificially acquired active immunity

after being immunized for varicella, the person will build an immunity, is an example of:

passive immunity

this type of immunity is based on receiving preformed antibodies form another host:

passive immunity

this type of immunity has a rapid onset and a short lifespan of antibodies:

naturally acquired passive immunity

placental transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mother to fetus during pregnancy, is an example of:

artificially acquired passive immunity

protection acquired by giving a person an injection or transfusion of antibodies made by someone else:

artificially acquired passive immunity

short term immunization induced by the transfer of antibodies, is an example of:

communicable disease

a disease spread from one person or animal to another in several ways: directly through physical contact with bodily fluids or secretions; indirectly through contaminated items like drinking glasses, toys, or water; or via vectors such as flies, mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects:

chain of infection

how the communicable disease gets around:

causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

pieces of the chain of infection:

causative agent

a biological organism capable of being directly or indirectly transmitted from person to person, animal to animal, animal to person, or the environment (air, water, food, etc) to person:

reservoir

hosts of environments where causative agent lives and reproduces:

reservoirs

dirty surfaces/equipment, soil, food, water, people, animals/insects, are examples of:

causative agents

bacteria, fungus, virus, parasites, are examples of:

portal of exit

route that the agent takes to leave the reservoir

portal of exits

blood, respiratory secretions, and anything exiting from the GI or GU tracts, are examples of:

mode of transmission

how the causative agent makes its move:

contact, airborne, droplet, vector borne, common vehicle

types of transmissions:

vector borne

a vector (mosquito, tick) carries virus from reservoir to susceptible host:

common vehicle

agents transmitted by a food or water as well as drugs and parenteral fluids:

portal of entry

where pathogen enters next susceptible host to cause another infection:

portal of entries

broken skin/incisions, respiratory tract, mucous membranes, catheters and tubes, are examples of:

susceptible host

a person who is potentially vulnerable to that particular causative agent:

define the community, collect data, analyze data, establish community diagnoses, plan programs, implement programs, evaluate program interventions

steps for a community health assessment:

community empowerment

enables communities to identify health problems and act to resolve them:

horizontal empowerment

internal to the community - reflected in community's ability to solve problems mobilizing its own resources:

vertical empowerment

involves efforts to change power structures outside the community:

primary data

data that you collect:

primary data

you are hearing directly from the individual/respondent:

secondary data

you did not obtain the data directed from the individual: