Cells structure

Nucleus function

contains DNA which controls protein synthesis

Nucleus structure…

• Nuclear envelope: pores allowing mRNA and ribosome transport into and out of cell

  • Nucleoplasm: granular substance with chromatin (DNA bound to protein)

  • Nucleolus: site of protein/rRNA formation

Mitochondria function:

to produce ATP in aerobic respiration

Mitochondria strucure:

• Outer membrane: smooth and permeable to small molecules

• Inner membrane: contains folds called cristae for increased surface area

• Matrix: contains enzymes for the Krebs cycle and mitochondrial DNA

Chloroplast function:

site of photosynthesis to produce ATP

Chloroplast structure:

• Outer membrane: smooth and surrounds the chloroplast

• Inner membrane: encloses the stroma and thylakoids

• Stroma: fluid-filled space containing enzymes and chloroplast DNA

• Thylakoids: stacked structures (stacks of granum) where light-dependent reactions take place

Rough ER function:

synthesis, stores and transport of proteins

Smooth ER

synthesis, stores and transport of lipids and carbohydrates

Rough ER strucutere:

system of cisternae studded with ribosomes

Smooth ER structure

System of membrane-bound tubules with no ribosomes

Ribosome function

Protien synthesis

Ribosomes structure:

Made of rRNA and proteins, with s larger sub unit and a smaller sub unit. 80S in eukaryotes and 70S in prokaryotes

Golgi boyd function

MAIN FUNCTION:

Modifies and packages protiens into vesicles to export and or use in the cell

Produces secretory enzymes

secretes carbohydrates for plant cell walls

produces glycoprotein

transports and stores lipids

forms lysosomes

Golgi body structure

system of cisternae with newly forming vesicles surrounding it.

Lysosomes

vesicles containing digestive enzymes which break down substances/worn out organelles

centrioles

Rings of microtubules

Spindle fibres used in cell division

Vacuole

Fluid filled sac bounded by single membrane (tonoplast)

contains glucose,amino acids, and minerals

supports the plants soft tissues

Cell wall function

• Space outside of cells (apoplast) allows solutions/water to transport around the plant

• Turgid and supports the cell structure

• cell walls have pores which strands of cytoplasm pass through (plasmodesmata), this network connects cells next to each other. This is called the symplast. This pathway os important in water transport

mesosome

Fold in a bacterias cell membrane where aerobic respiration occurs