Endosymbiotic theory 2

What type of DNA structure is found in mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA, similar to the DNA found in bacteria, which supports the idea that these organelles originated from free-living prokaryotes.

How does the double membrane structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts support the Endosymbiotic Theory?

The double membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts suggests that they were once engulfed by a host cell; the inner membrane is similar to bacterial membranes, while the outer membrane likely originated from the host’s vesicle.

What characteristic of ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts provides evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain ribosomes that are similar in size and structure to bacterial ribosomes, unlike the larger ribosomes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

How does the method of reproduction of mitochondria and chloroplasts support the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce through binary fission, the same way bacteria divide, rather than by mitosis, supporting their origin as independent bacterial cells.

: How does genetic similarity support the Endosymbiotic Theory?

DNA sequencing shows that mitochondrial DNA is similar to that of alpha-proteobacteria, and chloroplast DNA resembles that of cyanobacteria, suggesting a shared evolutionary ancestry.

Why is the presence of independent DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA separate from the cell’s nuclear DNA, indicating they were once independent organisms with their own genetic material.

How does the presence of certain genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts support the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Some genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts are essential for their function and are similar to bacterial genes, supporting the theory that they evolved from bacteria.

What is the significance of mitochondria and chloroplasts’ protein synthesis machinery for the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own machinery for protein synthesis, including ribosomes, which is similar to bacteria and supports their prokaryotic origin.

What is the basic premise of the Endosymbiotic Theory?

The Endosymbiotic Theory posits that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic relationship between early eukaryotic ancestors and prokaryotic cells, where engulfed bacteria became organelles.

What are the two primary organelles believed to have originated through endosymbiosis?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Which type of bacteria is thought to be the ancestor of mitochondria?

aerobic bacteria

Which type of bacteria is thought to be the ancestor of chloroplasts?

Cyanobacteria, a group of photosynthetic bacteria.