Bio Exam #1 ch 1-2

cellular/cell

all life is composed of cells

energy processing

uses chemical energy to process

growth and development

inherited genes control growth and development

response to environment

detect and respond to stimulus in environment

reproduction

organisms reproduce their own kind

homeostasis

maintaining a constant internal environment

evolutionary adaptation

happens over generations heritable traits are passed down

DNA and genomes

carry genetic information in DNA

organization

cell hierarchy of life, cell and tissue to organs to organisms

information

DNA/genome, growth and development information in DNA

energy and matter

relates to energy processing

interactions

microscale and macroscale cell to cell and molecules within cells and community and ecosystems

evolution

theory of how contemporary species arose from ancestors through descent with modification

emergent property

arise as move to higher levels due to arrangement and interaction of parts within a system ex) a bike works only when all parts connect in the right way

atom

the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

molecules

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

organelles

any of several membrane enclosed structures with special functions, suspended in cytosol of eukaryotic cells

cells

lifes unit of structure and function, the smallest unit of organization that preforms all activities of life

tissues

an integrated group of cells with a common structure function or both

organs

a specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues

organisms

individual living things

population

a group of individuals in the same species that live in the same area and interbreed producing offspring

communities

all the organisms that are in an area, assemblage of different species living close enough for interaction

ecosystems

all the organisms in an area with the abiotic factors they interact with

biospheres

all life on earth and all the places where life exists

central dogma/gene expression

DNA to RNA to protein

negative feedback loop

glucose regulation

positive feedback loop

milk production in mammals

two cell types

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

three domains

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

evolutionary adaptation

heritable characteristics of organisms that enhance survival and reproduction in specific environments

qualitative data

notes and pictures

quantitative data

numbers

why should an experiment have two hypothesis

they provide a testable guide for analyzing results

element

a substance that cant be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions

four elements for life

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon

isotope

different forms of an element each with different number of neutrons

ways of using radioactive isotopes

dating fossils, diagnosing medical issues, agricultural use

covalent bonds

two atoms share electrons in outer shell

ionic bond

electron transferred from one atom to the other

hydrogen bonds

weak attraction between two molecules

van der waals

occur when molecules are close together