Male and female reproductive system

Anatomy exam 2

What muscle in the pelvic floor which helps support the coccyx and contributes to the movement and stability of the sacrum?

coccygeus muscle

What muscles in the pelvic floor help control the movement of the anus and supports the pelvic organs including the bladder and uterus?

levator ani muscles

What nerve travels near the coccygeus and levator ani muscles, providing motor and sensory innervation to the pelvic floor muscles?

pudenal nerve

What forms lateral portions of the root of the clitoris and is covered by ischiocavernosus tissue?

crus of clitoris

What is deep to the labia minora and is covered by bulbospongiosus muscle, becomes engorged during sexual arousal, and helps constrict the vaginal opening?

bulb of the vestibule 

What in females is composed of sphincter urethrae, compressor urethrae, and urethrovaginal sphincter, which together constrict the urethra to keep urine in the bladder and allow voluntary control of urination?

external urethral sphincter

What receives blood from the deep artery of the penis in males allowing it to fill with blood and become rigid during erection?

corpus cavernosum

What muscle remains relatively soft during erection to allow the passage of urine and semen through the urethra?

corpus spongiosum

What sits on top of the bladder in females?

uterus

What part of the uterus keeps it in place, especially during pregnancy?

round ligament of uterus

What large, flat ligament connects sides of uterus to pelvic wall and floor?

broad ligament

What is the order of structures sperm must pass to reach the female reproductive tract?

vagina, cervix, uterus, uterine tube

What is the opening to the vagina called?

vaginal orifice

What dilates during childbirth?

cervix 

Where does fertilization occur?

uterine tube

What are responsible for producing eggs and secreting progesterone and estrogen?

ovaries

What are the finger like productions at the end of the infundibulum that help capture the ovulated egg from the ovary and guide it into the uterine tube for potential fertilization?

fimbrae 

What are responsible for producing sperm and secreting testosterone?

testes

What stores and matures sperm?

epididymis

What transports sperm from the epididymis?

vas deferens

What produces a fluid that helps nourish sperm?

seminal vesicles

What passes through the prostate and opens into the urethra, carrying sperm and fluid from the seminal vesicles?

ejaculatory duct

What does the sperm pass through to exit the urethral opening?

urethra

What gland is inferior to the bladder in males?

prostate

What contains the vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and passes from abdomen to testes?

spermatic cord 

What muscle is responsible for raising and lowering testes due to temperature changes?

cremaster muscle

What is the order in which sperm passes out of the male body?

testes→ epididymis→ vas deferens→ ejaculatory duct →urethra→ urethral opening

What does the internal pudenal vein drain into?

internal iliac vein

What does the right ovarian vein drain directly into?

inferior vena cava

What does the left ovarian vein drain into before the IVC?

left renal vein 

Where does the right testicular vein drain into?

IVC

Where does left testicular vein drain into?

left renal vein

What are structural folds that help the rectum that prevent the sudden movement of fecal matter to the anal canal?

transverse rectal folds 

What is a smooth muscle ring under involuntary control that helps maintain continence?

internal anal sphincter

What is a skeletal muscle ring under voluntary control that involves conscious control of defecation?

external anal sphincter

Superior to the pectinate line, what is motor innervation?

autonomic innervation (parasympathetic)

The superior rectal artery branches from which artery?

inferior mesenteric artery

Above the pectinate line, where does venous drainage go?

portal vein

Inferior to the pectinate line, what is the motor innervation? 

somatic innervation 

Where does the inferiror rectal artery drain from?

internal pudenal artery

venous drainage from below the pectinate line flows where?

IVC

What are the roots of the phrenic nerve(somatic)?

c3-c5

What are roots of intercostal nerves(somatic)?

T1-T11

What are roots of pudenal nerve(somatic)?

S2-S4

What are roots of sympathetic trunk(autonomic)?

T1-L2

What are roots of pelvic splanchnic nerve (autonomic)?

S2-S4

Are thoracic splanchnic nerves para or sym?

sympathetic and autonomic 

Are sacral splanchinc nerves sym or para?

sympathetic and autonomic

Are pelvic splanchnic nerves para or sym?

parasympathetic and autonomic

overview of superior rectal venous?

superior rectal vein→ inferior mesenteric vein→ splenic vein →portal vein 

overview of middle rectal venous?

middle rectal vein→ internal iliac vein→ common iliac vein→ IVC

overview of inferior rectal venous?

inferior rectal vein→ inferior pudenal vein →internal iliac vein→ common iliac vein→ IVC

What kind of nerves are all of the abdominal organs?

autonomic

What is a ganglion?

a group of nerve cell bodies found outside the brain and spinal cord that help relay signals in the nervous system