4.2 Relearning Activity #2 (Practice Test) biology cp

Genetic variability

is the measure of the differences among individuals within a population.

Meiosis

when sex gametes reproduce and it produces 4 gametes

Crossing Over

During crossing over, certain proteins break sections

of chromosomes, and these sections switch with

the other chromosome, as shown in figure 2.

This, in effect, ensures that the offspring will

inherit a unique mixture of the parents’

chromosomes.

Genetic variation

the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations among the same species.

Ways Genetic Variation Can Occur

Mutations - they can change the gene expression or not

Meiosis - has genetic variation because of the crossing over that occurs

Environmental factors - can cause mutation due to mutagens

Mutations

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism

Genetics

the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms

mutation

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

punnet square

a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given

How do mutations occur

Offspring, parents, random chance,

How Inherited genetic variation resulting from meiosis, environmental factors, and error in replication

Inherited genetic variation resulting from meiosis, environmental factors, and errors in replication is fundamental to the diversity of life. Meiosis introduces genetic diversity by shuffling and recombining parental genetic material, ensuring unique combinations of genes in offspring. Environmental factors such as radiation and toxins can induce mutations, leading to new traits and driving evolution. Additionally, errors in DNA replication during cell division can result in mutations, further contributing to genetic diversity within populations.