oral communication

communication

the word _ derived from the Latin terms

cum munis [to make common], communicare [to share]

the Latin terms and definition

communication

exchange of information, thoughts, ideas, feelings, and the like

two-way

communication is a _ process

dynamic

Communication is _. It is not static. It is not fixed but always changing.

systematic

Communcation is _. A simple speech communication occurs within a larger system.

transactional

Communication is _. The essence of the term transaction is relationship.

adaptive

Communication is _. Communication takes place with an intention to achieve some outcome.

continuous

Communication is _. It has no beginning and no end.

source, message, channel, receiver, feedback (effect), noise

basic elements of communication:

source

originator of the message

source

also known as the sender of information

message

may be a thought of as an idea, concept, emotion, desire, or feeling that a person desires to share with another human being

verbal, non-verbal

A message may be _ or _ codes.

channel

is the means by wich a message moves from a person to another.

channel

is the medium or vehicle by which we are able to transmit the message to recipient.

receiver

he/she gets the message channeled by the source of information

feedback (effect)

is that integral part of the human communication process to get the desired response from the receiver.

feedback (effect)

return signals

noise

may occur anywhere along the communication line, and it ma be physical, physiological, or psychological in nature.

noise

is any interference in the communication

communication models

are systematic representations of the process which helps in understanding how communcation works can be done

linear model of communication, transactional model of communcation, interactive or convergence model of communication

general types of model communication:

linear model of communication

a simple one-way communication model

laswell’s, shannon-weaver, berlo’s

examples of linear model:

transactional model of communication

Senders and receivers both are known as communicators and both play equally important role in communication

transactional model

related communication with social reality, cultural up-bringing

transactional model

non-verbal feedback like gestures is also considered as feedback in the model

barnlund’s transactional model

example of transactional model

interactive model of communication

is similar to transactional model as they are both two-way communcation model, but this model is mostly used for new media like internet

schramm’s model of communication

example of interactive model

language barriers, psychological barriers, physiological barriers, physical barriers, systematic barriers, attitudinal barriers

barriers of communication:

language barriers

linguistic ability may act as a barrier

language barriers

terminology used in message may be a barrier if it is not fully understood by the receiver

psychological barriers

the psychological state of the communicator will influence how the message is sent, received, and perceived

physiological barriers

may result from the receiver’s physical state

physical barriers

is the natural and environmental situation that hinders the sending of the information

systematic barriers

where there are disorganized or incorrect information systems and communication channels or a lack of understanding of the roles and responsibilities for communication

attitudinal barriers

behaviour or perceptions that hinder people from transmitting information effectively

regulation/control, social interaction, motivation, emotional expression, information

five functions of communication:

regulation/control

to control behaviour

regulation/control

to regulate the nature and number of activities people engage in

social interaction

allows people to interact with others to develop bonds or intimacy

social interaction

allows individuals to express desires, encouragement, needs, and decision or to give and get information

motivation

persuades or encourages

emotional expression

facilitates people’s expression of ther feelings such as love, fear, anger, joy, hope, or any other emotion

information

functions to convey information

information

can be used in giving & getting information