Module 06 - Water Storage and Distribution System

Elevated Water Tank

Structure providing water by gravity, with higher elevation increasing pressure.

Potable Water

Water safe for consumption.

Non-potable Water

Water not suitable for drinking.

Pumps

Devices used to fill tanks from lower elevations.

Water Tank

Container for storing water for various purposes.

Underground Water Tank

Tank placed below ground level.

Galvanized Steel

Material commonly used for residential elevated water tanks.

Concrete Tank

Durable tank made of reinforced concrete.

On-grade Tank

Tank placed at ground level.

Spherical Tank

Tank shaped like a sphere, used for water storage.

Cylindrical Tank

Tank shaped like a cylinder, used for water storage.

Plastic Tank

Tank made of polyethylene or polypropylene, lighter and corrosion-resistant.

Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Tank

Tank made of composite materials for various applications.

Modular Tank

Pre-fabricated tank assembled on-site to increase capacity.

Water Requirements

Calculation of water demand in buildings based on user consumption.

Rectangular Tank

Tank design often used for underground water storage due to simplicity.

Average Daily Rate of Water Consumption

Amount of water used per person per day.

Total Water Demand

Calculation of total water quantity required based on consumption.

Manholes

Openings in tanks for servicing and maintenance purposes.

Watertight

Sealed tightly to prevent leakage of water in or out of the tank.

Roto-moulding

Process of manufacturing plastic tanks using heat and pressure.

Bisphenol-A (BPA)-free

Plastic material safe for storing drinking water, free of harmful chemicals.

Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP)

Tank made of composite materials for commercial and industrial applications.

VT

Total water volume inside tank

VRT

Volume formula of rectangular tank

Lwd

Length x width x depth formula

Apartment

Residence for multiple families

Bathhouses

Facilities for bathers

Boarding House

Lodging for multiple residents

Luxury

High-end comfort per person

Clubs

Country establishments

Factories

Manufacturing facilities

Hotels

Accommodations with private baths

Hospitals

Medical facilities for patients

Laundries

Self-service washing facilities

Motels

Lodging with bath amenities

Restaurants

Eateries with toilet facilities

Schools

Educational institutions

Service Stations

Vehicle maintenance facilities

Stores

Retail establishments

Theaters

Entertainment venues for patrons

Upfeed System

Water supply with pressure

Gravity Distribution System

Water distribution by gravity

Water Supply System

Pipes, valves, and fittings for water distribution

Water Distribution Pipe

Conveys water within a building

Water Service Pipe

Connects water main to building's system

Building Supply Pipe

First piping section after water meter

Riser

Vertical pipe for water conveyance

Combination Sink and Tray

Fixture with sink and tray

Recommended Water Temperatures at Point of Use (POU)

Table showing recommended temperatures for various fixtures and applications at points of use.

Domestic Hot Water System

Provides essential requirements for bathing, dishwashing, and clothes washing; limited use of hot water due to high electricity costs.

Instantaneous Water Heater

Type of water heater available in single point and multi-point variants, preferred for practical reasons and initial cost.

Water Heating Temperature

An important aspect affecting the system; high temperatures have advantages and disadvantages.

Domestic Hot Water Consumption

Table used to calculate water consumption based on fixture or activity using hot water.

Plumbing Valves

Devices controlling fluid flow in plumbing systems by turning flow on/off, regulating flow, relieving pressure, or changing flow direction.

Gate Valve

Compression-type valve controlling water flow using a circular disc forced onto or withdrawn from a valve seat.

Check Valve

Permits water flow in one direction, preventing backflow; includes swing, lift, ball, and composition types.

Ball Valve

Valve controlling fluid flow with a rotating drilled ball fitting tightly against a seat in the valve body.

Angle Valve

Valve with inlet and outlet openings perpendicular to each other at 90°, used for individual fixture control.

Butterfly Valve

Valve with a rotating disk (butterfly) inside the body, controlling flow by rotating the disk via a connected handle.

Backwater Valve

Prevents backflow of sewage to lower building floors; a type of check valve.

Pressure-Reducing/Regulating Valve

Valve converting high inlet water pressure to a lower constant pressure.

Relief Valve

Valve installed at the base of a pump suction line in a water cistern or reservoir.

Float Valve

Valve controlling water level in a tank or container, operated by a float.

Stop and Waste Valve

Compression stop valve with a side port into the valve body, controlling water flow to fixtures like sillcocks.

Foot Valve

Automatic device converting fluctuating inlet water pressure to a lower constant pressure.

Mixing Valve

Device measuring water volume passing through the water service and mixing liquid by automatic or manual regulation.

Hydrant Valve

Valve in a hydrant drawing water directly from the main, primarily used for fire protection systems.

Water Meter

Device measuring the volume of water passing through the water service.

Types of Water Meters

Include disk-type for small water services, turbine meters for large volumes, and compound meters combining disk and turbine.

Types of Plumbing Valves

Include gate, globe, ball, angle, butterfly, check, backwater, pressure-reducing/regulating, relief, float, stop and waste valves.

Uses of Plumbing Valves

Include corporation cock, curb cock, fullway valve, pressure-reducing valve, relief valve, sill cock, and individual control valves for water closets.