Structures of different organic molecules

• carbon double bond

• planar structure with 120 degree bond angles

• 4 hydrogens

Ethene (C2H4)

• carbon triple bond

• linear structure with bond angles of 180 degrees

• 2 hydrogens

ethyne (C2H2)

• sp3 orbitals on carbon overlap with 1s orbitals on 4 hydrogen atoms

• 4 identical C-H sigma bonds form

• tetrahedral shape

• each H-C-H bond is 109.5 degrees

Methane (CH4)

• 2 carbons bond to each other by sigma overlap of an sp3 orbital from each

• Three sp3 orbitals on each carbon overlap with Hydrogen 1s orbitals to form six C-H sigma bonds

• all bond angles are tetrahedral

Ethane (C2H6)

• sp2 orbitals are in a plane with 120 degree angles

• 2s + 2p + 2p = spp = sp2 hybrid orbitals

• hybridization results in a carbon double bond

• 4 hydrgens

ethylene (C2H4)

• C-C triple bond

• 2s + 2p = sp (linear, 180 degrees)

• two sp orbitals from sigma bonds with hydrogens

acetylene (C2H2)