Essential Spanish IB Exam Preparation Guide

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36 Terms

1

Presente

Actions happening now, general truths.

2

Pretérito

Completed past actions.

3

Imperfecto

Ongoing past actions, descriptions, habits.

4

Futuro

Actions that will happen.

5

Condicional

Hypothetical situations, polite requests.

6

Subjuntivo

Expresses wishes, emotions, doubt, impersonal expressions.

7

Ser (to be)

Yo (Presente): Soy, Yo (Pretérito): Fui, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Sea.

8

Estar (to be)

Yo (Presente): Estoy, Yo (Pretérito): Estuve, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Esté.

9

Ir (to go)

Yo (Presente): Voy, Yo (Pretérito): Fui, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Vaya.

10

Tener (to have)

Yo (Presente): Tengo, Yo (Pretérito): Tuve, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Tenga.

11

Hacer (to do/make)

Yo (Presente): Hago, Yo (Pretérito): Hice, Yo (Subjuntivo Presente): Haga.

12

Global Issues (Los problemas globales)

el cambio climático (climate change), la contaminación (pollution), la pobreza (poverty), el calentamiento global (global warming).

13

Health (La salud)

la dieta equilibrada (balanced diet), hacer ejercicio (to exercise), la obesidad (obesity), el estrés (stress).

14

Education (La educación)

el aprendizaje (learning), el sistema educativo (education system), la universidad (university), el examen (exam).

15

Technology (La tecnología)

el internet (internet), la inteligencia artificial (artificial intelligence), la ciberseguridad (cybersecurity).

16

Adding Information

Además, también, encima, es más.

17

Contrasting

Sin embargo, aunque, no obstante, por otro lado.

18

Giving Examples

Por ejemplo, como, tal como.

19

Summarizing

En resumen, en conclusión, en definitiva.

20

Artículo (Article)

Title, introduction, structured paragraphs, conclusion.

21

Correo Formal (Formal Email)

Greeting, introduction, body, conclusion, farewell.

22

Blog

Catchy title, introduction, informal tone, conclusion.

23

Carta Informal (Informal Letter)

Friendly tone, introduction, questions, farewell.

24

Misusing "ser" and "estar"

Use ser for permanent traits (Soy estudiante), estar for temporary states (Estoy cansado).

25

Forgetting subjunctive

After expressions like Espero que..., use subjunctive (Espero que vengas).

26

Wrong word order

Adjectives usually come after nouns (un coche rojo instead of un rojo coche).

27

1. Introduction

Give a brief overview.

28

2. Describe the Photo

Mention setting, people, and actions.

29

3. Make a Connection

Relate the topic to a bigger theme.

30

4. Give a Personal Opinion

Share your thoughts.

31

5. Conclude

Summarize key points.

32

Well...

Bueno...

33

I mean...

Es decir...

34

Let me think...

Déjame pensar...

35

In other words...

En otras palabras...

36

On the other hand...

Por otro lado...