Introduction to Psychology

These flashcards cover key concepts from the introduction to psychology, including definitions, important figures, and different psychological approaches.

What is the definition of psychology?

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

What does critical thinking in psychology involve?

Analyzing information and thinking beyond the surface, questioning assumptions.

What is the main focus of the psychodynamic approach?

It emphasizes the influence of unconscious motives and early childhood experiences on behavior.

Who are the two founding fathers of psychology?

Wilhelm Wundt and William James.

What does functionalism in psychology examine?

The function of mental processes and behavior and their purpose in adapting to the environment.

What is positive psychology?

A branch of psychology that focuses on human strengths and what makes life worth living.

What is the historical significance of Charles Darwin to psychology?

His theory of evolution influenced the understanding of human behavior and the concepts of natural selection.

What is humanistic psychology?

It emphasizes personal growth, free will, and the potential for self-actualization.

What is the role of behaviorism in psychology?

It studies observable behavior and the influence of the environment on behavior.

What are cognitions in psychology?

Cognitions are the mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.

What is the purpose of the biological approach in psychology?

To study the relationship between biological processes and behavior, focusing on the brain and nervous system.

Who is known for the Little Albert experiment?

John Watson, a prominent behaviorist.

What does the sociocultural approach focus on?

It examines how social context and cultural environment influence behavior.

What type of psychology focuses on the study of psychological disorders and treatment?

Clinical psychology.

What is the average age of psychologists in the field today?

The mean age is approximately 48 years old.

What is the relationship between evolutionary psychology and behavior?

It studies how certain behaviors and mental processes were advantageous for survival and reproduction.

What are the four elements of a psychological frame of mind?

Critical thinking, skepticism, objectivity, and curiosity.

What is scepticism in the context of psychology?

It involves questioning the validity of information and not accepting everything at face value.

What is the main teaching role of psychologists in higher education?

Psychologists often teach courses while also conducting research in their fields.