APUSH Period 3- The Seven Years' War

What years did the Seven Years’ War last?

1754-1763. It was the fourth and most significant conflict between Great Britain and France for control of North America

What were the main causes of the Seven Years’ War?

Competition between Britain and France for territory and trade in North America, especially in the Ohio River Valley. Disputes over land claims led to fighting that spread to Europe and beyond.

What were the “Empires at War” between 1689–1763?

A series of four global wars involving Britain, France, and Spain over empire and trade:

1. King William’s War (1689–1697)

2. Queen Anne’s War (1702–1713)

3. King George’s War (1744–1748)

4. The Seven Years’ War (1754–1763)

What was the outcome of King William’s War (1689–1697)?

British attempts to capture Quebec failed; American Indian allies of the French attacked British frontier settlements.

What happened in Queen Anne’s War (1702–1713)?

The British captured Nova Scotia from France and won trading rights in Spanish America.

What were the results of King George’s War (1744–1748)?

New Englanders captured Louisbourg but Britain returned it to France in a peace treaty, angering colonists who had fought for it.

What triggered the start of the Seven Years’ War in North America?

British expansion into the Ohio River Valley and a clash between the Virginia militia led by George Washington and French troops at Fort Duquesne in 1754.

What was the Albany Plan of Union?

Proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 to unite the colonies under one government for defense and taxation. It was rejected by the colonies but showed an early idea of unity.

What was the main goal of the Albany Congress (1754)?

To coordinate colonial defense and secure an alliance with the Iroquois.

Why did the Albany Plan of Union fail?

Colonies were unwilling to give up their individual powers; each wanted to control its own taxation and militia.

What was the result of the Treaty of Paris (1763)?

• France lost all North American territory.

• Britain gained Canada and Florida.

• Spain received Louisiana.

  This ended French power in North America.

What were the effects of the Seven Years’ War on the British view of the colonies?

Britain saw the colonies as disorganized and needed tighter control and contributions to the empire’s defense.

What were the effects of the war on colonial views of Britain?

Colonists gained confidence in their military ability and began to view British troops and leadership as inferior.

What was “salutary neglect,” and how did it change after the war?

Salutary neglect was Britain’s policy of loose enforcement of trade laws. After the war, Britain ended this policy and imposed stricter control and taxation to pay war debts.

What was Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)?

An American Indian uprising led by Chief Pontiac against British forts and settlers in the Ohio Valley, protesting westward expansion and lack of gifts/trade.

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

British law that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent conflicts with Native Americans. Colonists ignored it and were angered by the restriction.

How did the Seven Years’ War contribute to the American Revolution?

The war increased British debt, leading to new taxes and stricter control over the colonies, which created resentment and a growing sense of independence among colonists.

Who was the British king during the Seven Years’ War and its aftermath?

King George III.

What major shift occurred in British colonial policy after 1763?

Britain shifted from neglecting the colonies to directly enforcing laws and collecting taxes to maintain the empire, leading to colonial resistance.