Thinking & Language

These flashcards cover important vocabulary and concepts discussed in the General Psychology lecture on Thinking & Language, highlighting problem solving strategies, decision making processes, reasoning types, and more.

Problem Solving Strategies

Methods utilized to find solutions to challenges or dilemmas.

Algorithm

A step-by-step approach to solving a problem that examines all possible options, known for being accurate but slow.

Heuristics

Mental shortcuts that allow for efficient problem solving but can lead to errors.

Insight

A sudden realization or understanding of a problem, often referred to as an 'aha' moment.

Judgements & Decision Making

The cognitive processes involved in assessing information and making choices.

Representativeness Heuristic

A strategy to estimate probabilities based on how typical an event is of a known category.

Availability Heuristic

A decision-making shortcut based on how easily examples come to mind.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's preconceptions.

Belief Perseverance

The tendency to hold on to beliefs even when faced with contradictory evidence.

Framing Effects

How the presentation or wording of information influences decision-making.

Theory of Mind

The capacity to understand that others have different thoughts and perspectives.

Deductive Reasoning

A logical process where one starts with a general statement and derives specific conclusions.

Inductive Reasoning

A process that involves looking at specific instances to form general principles.

Critical Thinking

The ability to analyze facts, evaluate arguments, and solve problems systematically.

Creativity

The capacity to generate original and valuable ideas.