CH11 (Part 2) - Clinical Chemistry II

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What is bilirubin?

The breakdown product of hemoglobin

Unconjugated bilirubin = ?

B1

Conjugated bilirubin = ?

B2

What is jaundice?

Yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae and mucus membrane (skin and eyes)

In enzymology, enzymes are?

Proteins produced by living cells that hastens chemical reactions in organic matter

In enzymology, enzymes measured in terms of their?

Activity

In enzymology, abnormally large amounts of enzymes in serum suggest?

Organ damage

What are electrolytes?

Ions capable of carrying a positive charge

What are electrolytes purpose?

• For myocardial rhythm and contractibility

• Important cofactors in enzyme activation

  • Magnesium, calcium, zinc

A major extracellular cation would be?

Sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl)

A major intracellular anion would be?

Potassium (K)

What is included in Blood Gases and pH?

CO2, HCO3-, H-

What is the endocrine system?

Network of ductless glands of internal secretions

What is the purpose of the endocrine system?

Regulatory system of the body

What is the endocrine system regulated by?

Hormone synthesis

What are the organs that are part of the endocrine system?

• Kidney

• Stomach

• Liver

• Thymus

• Pancreas

• Thyroid

• Parathyroid

• Testicle

• Ovary

• Uterus

• Skin

• Adrenal gland

What is Therapeutic Drug Monitoring?

Involves in the analysis, assessment and evaluation of circulating concentration of drugs in serum, plasma, or whole blood.

What does therapeutic drug monitoring allow?

It allows for the safe use of drugs that would otherwise be potentially toxic.

Therapeutic drug monitoring can allow the use of?

Lithium, acetaminophen, digoxin, lidocaine

In therapeutic drug monitoring, what is the biochemical pathway?

Mixed function oxidase system (MFO)

What is Toxicology?

The study of substances toxic to the body.

What are some common substances causing acute toxicity?

Alcohol, acetaminophen, carbon monoxide

What are some rates of exposure to toxic substances?

Ingestion (eat)
Inhalation (breathe)
Transdermal absorption (skin)