Toxicologic and Immunologic Emergencies

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13 Terms

1
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Inhaled poisons

Signs/Symptoms: dyspnea, cough, wheezing, headache, dizziness, confusion, cyanosis

Treatment: remove patient from exposure, high flow oxygen, rapid transport

2
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Absorbed poisons

Signs/Symptoms: local irritation/rash/burns, itching, redness, systemic symptoms

Treatment: remove contaminated clothing, brush off dry chemcials, flush with water (20 min), transport

3
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Ingested poisons

Sings/Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, burns around mouth, abdominal pain, altered LOC

Treatment: identify substance/amount/time, contact poison control, oxygen (if indicated), rapid transport

4
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Injected poisons

Signs/Symptoms: pain/redness/swelling at site, allergic reaction, weakness, dizziness, sweating

Treatment: remove clothing around site, rapid transport

5
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Alcohol intoxication

Signs/Symptoms: slurred speech, unsteady gait, alterted LOC, nausea, vomiting

Treatment: prevent aspiration, transport

6
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Opioid

CNS depressant from narcotics

Signs/Symptoms: pinpoint pupils, slow/shallow respirations, bradycardia, unresponsive/altered LOC, possible needle marks, cold/dry skin

Treatment: airway support, oxygen, naloxone, rapid transport

7
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Food poisoning

Signs/Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever

Treatment: transport

8
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Allergic reaction

Signs/Symptoms: itching, hives, rash, swelling of face/lips, sneezing, watery eyes

Treatment: remove allergen source, transport

9
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Anaphylaxis

Signs/Symptoms: swelling of airway/tongue, wheezing, stridor, hypotension, tachycardia, hives, flushing

Treatment: maintain airway, high flow oxygen, epinephrine, rapid transport

10
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Anticholinergic

Overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system due to inhibition of parasympathetic activity

Signs/Symptoms: hyperthermia, dry/flushed skin, dilated pupils, blurred vision, delirium, hallucinations

Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport

11
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Cholinergic

Excess stimulation of parasympathetic nervous system

Signs/Symptoms: salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, emesis, miosis (SLUDGEM), bradycardia, hypotension

Treatment: oxygen, rapid transport

12
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Sympathomimetic

Stimulants that mimic sympathetic nervous system

Signs/Symptoms: hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, hyperthermia, agitation, paranoia, seizures

Treatment: oxygen, cooling, transport

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Sedative-Hypnotic

CNS depressants including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and some sleep aids

Signs/Symptoms: drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, slurred speech, respiratory depression, hypotension

Treatment: oxygen, airway management, rapid transport