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how to make a quechua noun plural
add kuna OR repeat the noun (marka marka = muchos pueblos)
imperative singular affirmative
for qam it takes the infinitive form, for pay it adds -chun. qam takiy / qam takichun
imperative singular negative
for qam it adds ama and chu to the imperative. for pay it adds ama and chu to the chun form. qam ama takiychu / pay ama takichunchu
imperative plural affirmative
for qamkuna add chis to the infinitive. for paykuna and ku to the chun form. qamkuna takiychis / paykuna takichunku
imperative plural negative
for qamkuna add chu to the chis form. for paykuna add chu to the chunku form. add ama for both. qamkuna ama takiychischu / paykuna ama takichunkuchu
when to use kay (este / esta)
el objeto esta cerca a la persona que habla
when to use chay (ese / eso / esa)
el objeto esta cerca a la persona que escucha pero no que habla
when to use haqhay (aquel)
el objeto esta lejo de ambos
adding chi to a verb
hacer….. e.g. rimachiy - hago hablar
adding m / mi to a noun
replaced kay in 3rd person singular. m to vowel and mi to consonant. Put qa on the pay. luismi = es Luis. Payqa martam = ella es Marta.
‘she is my sister’ without using kay
payqa nanaymi
(respond) kaychu roberto kashan?
ari, chayqa robertom
adding pi to personas
quien? - add taq to emphasise. put at beginning of sentence. = pitaq?
quien estas?
pitaq kanki?
(respond) pitaq tatayki?
tatayqa robertom
adding ima to objetos
que? - add taq for emphasis, at beginning of sentence. = imataq?
que es este?
imataq kay?
(respond) imataq kay?
chayqa choqllum (eso es choclo)
how to say volver de
add -mu to the verb and -manta to the noun. (noqa vinamanta kutimurqani = volvi de vina)
how to say ir hacia
add -mu to the verb and -ta to the noun (noqa osornota reqsimurani = yo fui a conocer osorno)
de donde eres?
maymanta kanki ?
soy de londres
noqa londresmanta kani
how to say ‘con’ alguien
add -wan to the noun (machaywan = con mi abuelo)
how to say ‘en’ un lugar
add -pi (santiagopi = en santiago)
vivo en inglaterra
noqa inglaterrapi tiyani
how to say ‘through’ / ‘by the way of’
add -nta or -ninta to the noun (kayninta = por aqui)
how to say to/towards
add -man to the noun (chayman = hacia alli)
how to show pertenencia
add -q to vowels and -pa to consonants. (pedroq nanan - la hermana de pedro / turaypa - mi hermano)
cual?
imataq OR mayquen
nombre (mi nombre, tu nombre, su nombre)
suti + (suti-y , suti-yki , suti-n)
me llamo rose (using suti)
sutiyqa rosem
se llama pedro (using suti)
paypa sutinqa pablom
(respond) imataq turaypa sutin?
turaykiq sutinqa luismi
how to say ‘dicen que …’
add -si to consonant and -s to vowel. (pedros = dicen que pedro ….)
dicen que luis esta hablando a su mama
luissi mamata rimashan
(traducir) el nombre de mi madre es isabel
mamaypa sutinqa isabelmi
how to use ‘mayquen’
cual? add taq for emphasis (plural - mayquenkunataq) - mayquentaq tayayki? cual es tu hermano?
sustantivos diminuitivos
-cha or -lla
how to say ‘que sirve para …)
add -na to the verb (rimana - que sirve para hablar)
how to say ‘ya’
-ña (ñachu coscota reqsinkiña? = ya conoces a cusco?)