bioenergetics

what reaction is photosynthesis?

endothermic reaction

how is photosynthesis carried

green plants an algae

symbol equation of photosynthesis

6 CO2 + 6 H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Word equation for photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

how is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction

energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light

process of photosynthesis

carbon dioxide in take in and water is taken up to the roots

process number two for photosynthesis

chlorophyll traps light energy for photosynthesis

process number three for photosynthesis

energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

how is leaves well adapted for photosynthesis

broad and flat and thin so diffusion path is small

guard cell opens stomata so gases can diffuse

veins contain xylem which brings water to the leaves and phloem take glucose away

what happens if there is lack of light for photosynthesis

slows the rate down because light transfers energy for the process

what happens if its cold for photosynthesis

enzymes do not work effectively which slows down the rate

what happens if there is limited carbon dioxide

rate of photosynthesis is slow

limiting factor

factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease

variegating leaf

less photosynthetic activity

light intensity and rate of photosynthesis practical:

count bubbles of oxygen per min

collect total volume of oxygen

if light source is near rate of photosynthesis increases

if light source the rate decreases

light intensity equation

1/distance^2

uses of soluble glucose

respiration, produce fats and oils, produce cellulose to strengthen the cell

examples of carnivore plants

Venus fly trap

Venus fly trap

collects insects due to low nitrogen in soil

more a plant photosynthesises

the more biomass it makes and the faster it grows

what do farmers use to increase photosynthesis

greenhouses and polytunnels

if temperature is maintained

there is optimum for enzyme activity

if there is CO2 increase

they do not become limited factors

if nutrient such as nitrate ion is maintained

optimum growth

hydroponics

a technique of growing plants (without soil) in water containing dissolved nutrients

aerobic respiration

Respiration that requires oxygen

respiration equation word equation

glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy

respiration symbol equation

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

how is transferred energy used by the organisms:

build large molecules, enable muscle contraction, maintain constant body temperature, move materials such as mineral ions

how is aerobic respiration investigated

limewater which turns cloudy white to detect CO2 produced

Where does respiration occur?

mitochondria

what happens as heart rate increases

blood vessels supplying in the muscles dilates, more blood contain oxygen and glucose to reach the muscles and breathing rate increases ( high oxygen intake and CO2 released)

what does muscle store

glycogen

what happens if your muscles cannot aerobically respire?

the start to respire anaerobically

anaerobic respiration

Respiration in the absence of oxygen. This produces lactic acid.

anaerobic respiration equation

glucose --> lactic acid + energy

what does plant and yeast cells produce

ethanol and CO2

fermentation (anaerobic respiration)

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

what does bacteria in yoghurt produce

lactic acid in anaerobic respiration

what are the conversion of metabolic reactions

glucose to starch to glycogen

fatty acids and glycerol to lipids

amino acids to proteins

metabolic reactions

Metabolic reactions are chemical processes that occur in the body that help sustain life.

metabolism

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

other metabolic reactions:

reactions of respiration and photosynthesis

breakdown of proteins in the liver to form urea

what is the process that removes the amino groups form amino acids

deamination

deamination

amino acids--> ammonia-->urea-->urine

where are the breakdown products transported to

kidneys

kidneys

filter blood

urea

waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine

What are the old red blood cells broken down into?

Iron, which is stored to make new red blood cells

where is lactic acid transported

liver where it is converted back to glucose