Elizabethan England

Sort these from least powerful to most powerful groups in Elizabethan England in the countryside: Vagrants, tenant farmers, nobility, gentry, landless or labouring poor, yeomen

Vagrants, labouring or labouring poor, tenant farmers, yeomen, gentry, nobility

Sort these from least powerful to most powerful groups in Elizabethan England in towns: skilled craftsmen/people with a skill or trade, merchants, unskilled workers and unemployed, professionals e.g. lawyers, business owners

Unskilled workers and the unemployed, skilled craftsmen who has learned a skill or trade, business owners, professionals, merchants

What percentage of people in Elizabethan England lived in the countryside?

90%

What did you owe to the people above you in the hierarchy?

Obedience

What type of job would a highly skilled craftsman do?

Tarde e.g. goldsmith, blacksmith , carpenter etc

What was the Privy Council?

A group of trusted ministers who helped Elizabeth govern England made of 19 officials

What was a lord's lieutenant?

One in every county who made sure Elizabeth's laws were followed and were in charge of training the military

What was Elizabeth's court?

Body of people made up mostly of nobility who would be the monarch's key servants, advisers and friends

What was the role of Elizabeth's court?

Entertain and advise the monarch

Who was William Cecil?

Most senior member of the Privy Council and the Secretary of State

How often would the privy council meet?

3 times a week

What two houses made up Parliament?

House of Commons (common people) and House of Lords (aristocracy)

How many times did Elizabeth call parliament?

13 times

Parliament would collect _________?

Taxes

What was the divine right of kings?

The belief that the monarch held power because God had given that power to them

What was a patronage?

Elizabeth gave titles, land, supporting a cause to nobility to ensure that they supported her.

What was a Justice of the peace?

Large landowners who kept law and order in their local areas. Unpaid and reported to privy council

When did Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn marry?

January 1533

When was Anne Boleyn executed

19th May 1536

What nickname was Elizabeth I given?

Virgin Queen

How old was Elizabeth when she became queen?

25 years old

How many languages could Elizabeth speak?

5

One downside to her intelligence was that she was __________?

Indecisive

Why did Elizabeth not want to marry?

She felt she would lost her influence, power and authority as it would fall to her husband

Why did many catholics oppose Elizabeth?

She was illegitimate, she was Protestant

What port did Mary I lose to France?

Calais

What did Henry VIII declare Elizabeth after the death of Anne Boleyn which he later went back on?

Illegitimate

Who was Mary Queen of Scots?

Elizabeth's cousin

When did Queen Mary lose Calais?

Early 1558

How much was England in debt in 1558 from the war with France?

£300,000

What was the name of the alliance between Scotland and France?

Auld Alliance

Who did Mary queen of Scot's marry in 1559?

King of France

Why was Mary a threat to Elizabeth?

1. Catholic

2. Married

3. Had a son

Why might France and Spain make an alliance together against England?

They were catholic nations and England was Protestant

When did Elizabeth become queen?

November 17, 1558

Which part of England was predominantly catholic?

North and west

Which part of England was predominantly protested?

South east

How did the Protestants and catholics have different views?

• catholics believe Bible in Latin, Protestant in English

• catholic head was pope, Protestant was monarch

• catholic thought priests were special, Protestant not

• catholic believe in ornaments, stained glass windows etc in churches, Protestants think it should be plain

Why did Protestants insist the bible should be in English?

so people could read the Bible for themselves and develop their own relationship with god

How many grammar schools were there by 1560s?

42

How many grammar schools were there by 1570s?

72

What would boys be taught in school?

Wrestling, fencing, horse riding, Latin, Greek, history, philosophy and politics

What would girls be taught?

Music, dancing and needlework

Who were grammar schools attended by?

Boys, usually middle class (gentry and townsfolk), rarely poor boys - only those who shower promise

Where would girls be taught?

At home or in another nobleman's home

What did humanists believe about education?

Help people become less superstitious and instead teach mathematics and philosophy to develop a deeper understanding of the world

What did Protestants believe about education?

Promoted literacy so people could read the Bible themselves and develop their own relationship with good

What percentage if men were literate by the end of Elizabeth's reign in 1603 compared to 1530?

30% in 1603 Vs 20% in 1530

Which college was founded by Elizabeth in 1571 for the education of welsh boys?

Jesus College

What were recusants?

catholics who refused to go to Protestant church services

How many priests agreed to swear the oath of supremacy to Elizabeth?

8000

How many bishops swore the oath of supremacy?

1

How many new bishops did Elizabeth have to appoint?

27

What was the Act of Supremacy?

It made Elizabeth the supreme governor of the Church of England

What was the Act of Uniformity?

It introduced a new book of common prayer, defined how churches should be decorated (no gold or ornaments or images of Jesus), priests to wear plain vestments

What were the Royal Injunctions?

Set of injunctions issued by Sir William Cecil on behalf of the queen, on a wide range of issues to reinforce the Act of Supremacy and Uniformity

What punishment was given to those who did not attend church?

One shilling per absence (12 pence)

How much was one shilling for a standard labourer?

A weeks wage

When was the religious settlement?

1559

What was the purpose of the religious settlement?

To appease both catholics and Protestants

How often were church visitations held?

Every 3-4 years

What did the puritans force Elizabeth to get rid of in churches?

Crucifix's

Who wrote the book of advertisements and when?

Archbishop of Canterbury, Matthew Parker in 1566

What was the purpose of the book of advertisements?

Guidance on what priests should wear

How many priests were invited to Matthew Parker's exhibition fo show priests what to wear and how many refused to attend and what happened to them?

110 invited, 37 refused and were fired

Elizabeth did not want the clergy to wear special vestments: True or False?

False, she did want them to wear special vestments contrary to puritan beliefs

What was the treaty of Troyes?

An agreement made between Elizabeth and France to say that Calais officially belonged to France

When was the treaty of Troyes singed?

1564

Who was the Spanish king?

King Phillip II

What country did Spain control in Europe?

Netherlands

What product did Phillip ban the import of into Netherlands and when did this happen?

Cloth, 1563

Why did Phillip ban the import of cloth to the Netherlands?

He believed English merchants were encouraging the spread of Protestantism

What is a trade embargo?

a refusal to trade with another country

How long did the trade embargo between England and Spain last?

1 year

What was the counter reformation?

A reform movement within the Catholic Church following the Protestant Reformation

How did the pope aim to fight back against Protestantism?

Supporting local communities, persecuting heretics and encouraging the waging of war against Protestants

When did the pope issue an instruction to catholics that they should not attend Church of England services?

1566

What did Elizabeth want to avoid creating by being lenient with recusants?

Martyrs

Why did Elizabeth agree to help the Protestants of France in 1562?

She hoped to get back Calais in return

Who was the Duke of alba?

the man Phillip sent to the Netherlands with an army of 10,000 men

Who were the council of troubles?

Inquisition group who violently attacked heretics in the Netherlands

When did the Dutch revolt begin?

1566

When was the Duke of alba sent to the Netherlands?

1567

When was the Dutch revolt crushed?

1568

Who were the sea beggars?

Dutch rebels who attacked Spanish ships in the English Channel

What was the name of the money that Elizabeth took from Phillip in 1568?

Genoese loan

What was the Dutch revolt?

Dutch Protestants and catholics uniting to fight off the Spanish

What was the Spanish fury?

The Spanish Fury was when the Spanish army pillaged the country of the Netherlands and killed over 6000 people because they were not being paid

What was the treaty of Edinburgh?

Signed in 1560, it agreed that France and England would withdraw all of their forces from Scotland and Mary would renounce her claim to the English throne

Who did Mary QOS marry in 1565?

Lord Darnley

What was the name of the son Mary QOS and Lord Darnley had?

James (James VI of Scotland/James I of England)

When did Mary Queen of Scots abdicate and arrive in England?

1568

Who was Elizabeth I and Mary QoS grandfather?

Henry VII

Who forced Mary to abdicate?

Scottish parliament

Who was the Duke of Norfolk?

Thomas Howard, one of the most powerful men in England who aimed to marry Mary QoS and maker her Elizabeth's heir

What was the Papal Bull?

a letter from the pope excommunicating Elizabeth from the church

Who were the two earls who began the Northern earls rebellion?

Charles Neville (earl of Westmoreland) and Thomas Percy (earl of Northumberland)

What was the northern earls rebellion?

The two earls stormed Durham castle and destroyed it.

Who was marching north to deal with the rebellion?

Earl of Sussex and thousands of troops

Who was proposed to be married as part of the Northern Earls plot and why?

Duke of Norfolk and Mary to help Mary become queen