Ch.7 Prosody/Suprasegmentals

What is prosody/suprasegmentals?

features of segment of speech (beyond a single sound)

What is stress?

prominence of a syllable or word

What is tone?

the F0 within a syllable

What is intonation?

the F0 within a phrase

What is syllabification?

the process of breaking up words into syllables

What helps us identify a syllable?

prosody

Do all syllables need a nucleus, coda and onset?

No, just a nucleus

What is a sonority?

the relative loudness of sounds within the syllable

If you keep your voice level the same, what sounds are always louder?

vowels

What is the sonority principle?

words loudness should increase to the vowel then decrease

What kind of stress can a syllable have?

-primary

-secondary

-unstressed

What 4 main things indicate stress?

1) F0

2) duration

3) intensity

4) format frequency pattern

What syllable is normally stressed for nouns and what is this called?

-1st syllable

-trochaic

What syllable is normally stressed for verbs and what is it called?

-2nd syllable

-iambic

What does the foot of a syllable include?

-the stressed syllable and all unstressed sounds that come after

What 3 things indicate stress in phrases?

1) length- shortening or prolonging the words

2) tone- varying the pitch

3) intonation- varying the pitch contour over the phrase

What is geminates?

a consonant that is held for a longer duration giving it the appearance of a single consonant

When does geminates often happen?

-when two words are pushed together

-forerunner

Where does your naturally rest in your mouth?

near the top of the mouth

What happens to vowels length when you add more syllables?

-vowels are shortened

-ex: fruity vs. fruitiest

What is the tongue pull theory?

languages with more high vowels may have higher F0

What are characteristics of glottal fries?

-no harmonics

-no pitch

-no regular vocal fold vibration

What do breathy sounds look like on a spectrogram?

fuzzy dots

What is something that cause a patient to have breathy sounds?

vocal nodes