Unit 6 Consequences of Industrialization (Age of Imperialism)

White Man’s Burden

A poem by Rudyard Kipling that reflects the paternalistic justification for imperialism, urging Western nations to colonize for the benefit of 'inferior' races.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Nationalism

A strong identification with and pride in one's nation, often leading to the desire for national independence or dominance.

Social Darwinism

An ideology that applies the concept of 'survival of the fittest' from natural selection to human societies, often used to justify imperialism and racism.

Sepoy Mutiny

A major, but ultimately unsuccessful, rebellion against British rule in India in 1857, also known as the Indian Rebellion.

Opium War

Conflicts between Great Britain and China (1839-1842) primarily over the opium trade; resulted in the Treaty of Nanking and increased Western influence in China.

Berlin Conference

A meeting held in 1884-1885 where European powers established rules for the partitioning of Africa, without regard for indigenous cultures or boundaries.

East India Company

A British trading company that played a significant role in the colonization of India, eventually exercising military and administrative control.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system where individuals worked for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to a new country; common in British colonies after slavery was abolished.

Treaty of Nanking

The 1842 treaty that ended the First Opium War, which forced China to make significant concessions to Britain.

Sino-Japanese War

A conflict between China and Japan (1894-1895) primarily over influence in Korea, resulting in Japanese victory and territorial gains.

Cultural Hegemony

The domination of a culturally diverse society by a ruling class that manipulates the culture of that society to maintain its dominance.

Mahatma Gandhi

An Indian leader known for his role in the Indian independence movement against British rule, promoting nonviolent resistance.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-foreign uprising in China (1899-1901) aimed at ending foreign influence and missionary activity.

Scramble for Africa

The rapid invasion, colonization, and annexation of African territory by European powers during the late 19th century.

Cash Crops

Crops produced for commercial value rather than for use by the farmer, often replacing food crops in colonized regions.

Racial Ideologies

Beliefs that perceive different races as inherently unequal, often justifying imperialism and colonial practices.

Joseph Conrad

An author whose works, particularly 'Heart of Darkness,' critique imperialism and its impact on both colonizers and the colonized.