2.27 Describe the function of the human alimentary canal

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5 Terms

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mouth

  • contains the teeth that mechanically breaks down food

  • contains the salivary glands that produce mucus for lubrication and amylase

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oesophagus

transports food to stomach through peristalsis

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stomach

  • holds food

  • mixes it with HCl (to kill bacteria and provide optimum pH for protease)

  • mixes it with protease

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<p>small intestine</p>

small intestine

  1. duodenum - digestion of food coming from stomach = completed with enzymes present in duodenum lining + secreted by pancreas

  2. pH of small intestine is alkaline = 8-9

  3. ileum - absorption of digested food and water molecules occur

    • the lining of the ileum is covered villi

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adaptations of villi found ileum (lower part of small intestine)

  1. high surface area for absorption

  2. small diffusional distance —> close blood supply + one-cell thickness

  3. concentration gradient —> surrounding area of villi is higher in conc of glucose, amino acids, glycerols, fatty acids

    • because blood flows through the villi —> blood flowing out = removes those nutrients from blood stream

  4. lacteals —> collect lipids before they returned to the circulatory system