Neurological Disorders

Paraplegia:

Loss of function below the chest.

Quadriplegia:

Loss of function in arms and legs

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, often called a "mini-stroke."

Symptoms of TIA

Weakness, dizziness, vision problems, difficulty speaking (lasts minutes to hours).

Hemiplegia

Paralysis of one side of the body, often due to stroke.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing, often seen after a stroke or neurological disorder.

Hydrocephalus

A buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, causing increased pressure.

Epilepsy

causes repeated seizures. A seizure happens when the brain sends abnormal electrical signals, leading to shaking, unusual behavior, or loss of consciousness.

Generalized seizures

affect the whole brain

Tonic-clonic seizure

Violent muscle contractions

Absence seizure:

A brief period of staring or unresponsiveness.

Myoclonic seizure:

Sudden jerking of arms or legs.

Atonic seizure:

Loss of muscle tone, causing falls.

Partial seizures

affect only one part of the brain

Simple partial

The person stays awake and feels strange sensations

Complex partial:

The person is unaware of their actions for a short time

Causes of Epilepsy

Epilepsy can be caused by brain injuries, strokes, infections, or lack of oxygen at birth.

Stroke (CVA

A stroke happens when a blood clot or bleeding in the brain cuts off oxygen, damaging brain cells.

Ischemic stroke:

A blood clot blocks blood flow

Hemorrhagic stroke

A blood vessel bursts, causing bleeding

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA):

A "mini-stroke" that lasts a short time

Aneurysm

An aneurysm is a weak spot in a blood vessel that can burst, causing a stroke.

cquired Brain Injury (ABI)

Brain injuries can be caused by car accidents, falls, or lack of oxygen.

Huntington’s Disease

Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a genetic brain disorder that causes nerve cells in the brain to break down over time.

Huntington’s Disease

It affects movement, emotions, and thinking abilities (cognitive function)

Symptoms usually begin between the ages of 20 and 60

Spinal Cord Injuries

A spinal cord injury (SCI) happens when the spinal cord is damaged, leading to loss of movement and sensation.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) is a progressive nerve disease that affects the muscles used for movement, speaking, swallowing, and breathing.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

• a long-term disease that affects the brain and spinal cord.

• The immune system attacks the protective covering (myelin) of nerve fibers, causing nerve damage.

Parkinson’s Disease

• A slow disease that affects movement and coordination.

• Causes tremors, stiff muscles, and slow walking