Chapter 9 Notes

Government

A formal decision-making system that helps a nation run smoothly through established rules and procedures.

Institutions

Groups that carry out specific government orders, such as police officers and military, to meet the needs of citizens.

Representative Democracy

A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Constitutional Monarchy

A political system in which a monarch acts as head of state under a constitution that limits their powers.

Constitution

A written document that outlines how a government is structured and the powers and limits of government.

Residual Powers

Powers not explicitly assigned to either federal or provincial governments, which can be decided by the federal government.

Unwritten Constitution

The roles and functions of government based on historical practices and traditions, rather than codified laws.

Caucus

A meeting of elected party members to discuss opinions and concerns within their political party.

Civil Service

A group of permanent employees that carry out the administrative functions of government.

Bill

A proposal for new legislation that must be debated and approved by Parliament to become law.

Municipal Government

The local level of government that provides essential services directly to citizens, such as garbage collection and water supply.

Judicial Power

The authority vested in courts and judges to interpret laws and administer justice, separate from the executive and legislative branches.

MLAs

Members of the Legislative Assembly at the provincial level, similar to Members of Parliament at the federal level.

Prime Minister

The head of government in Canada, who is selected from the party with the most elected representatives.

Governor General

The monarch's representative in Canada, tasked with granting royal assent to laws passed by Parliament.

Patronage

Appointments or benefits granted by a government official to supporters in exchange for their support.