Quiz 1 Software Design

What are the seven steps in program development?

Define the problem, Outline the solution, Develop the outline into an algorithm, Test the algorithm, Code the algorithm, Run the program, Document and maintain the program

What is an algorithm in programming?

A set of detailed, unambiguous, and ordered instructions that describe the process to produce desired output from given input

What is pseudocode?

A structured, English-like way of representing algorithms that resembles high-level programming languages

What are the six basic computer operations in pseudocode?

Receive information, Output information, Perform arithmetic, Assign values, Compare/select alternate actions, Repeat a group of actions

Which pseudocode keywords are used for receiving input?

READ (from record/file) and GET (from keyboard)

Which pseudocode keywords are used for output?

PRINT, WRITE, OUTPUT, DISPLAY, PUT

Which pseudocode keywords are used for arithmetic?

+, -, *, /, ( ), CALCULATE/COMPUTE

Which pseudocode keywords are used for assigning values?

INITIALIZE or SET (initial value), = or ← (result of processing), SAVE or STORE (keep for later use)

Which pseudocode keywords are used for comparison?

IF, THEN, ELSE

Which pseudocode keywords are used for repetition?

DOWHILE, ENDDO

What does the Structure Theorem state?

Any computer program can be written using only three control structures: sequence, selection, and repetition

What are the three basic control structures in pseudocode?

Sequence (steps in order), Selection (IF/THEN/ELSE), Repetition (loops until condition met)

What does UML stand for?

Unified Modeling Language

What is UML used for?

A graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software system artifacts

What are the three classes of UML diagrams?

Behavior diagrams, Interaction diagrams, Structure diagrams

What is a use case in UML?

A scenario that describes a “thread of usage” for a system, showing actors, system, tasks, and interactions

Who are actors in UML use case diagrams?

External roles (people or devices) that interact with the system; primary actors on the left, secondary actors on the right

What are common tools to design solutions in programming?

UML, flowcharts, pseudocode

What is procedural programming?

A top-down approach focusing on processes and modular design

What is object-oriented programming?

Focuses on objects, using concepts like classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction

What is data in computing?

Raw facts such as numbers, text, pictures, or video:contentReference

What is information in computing?

Processed data organized into meaningful context, like reports or blogs

What is knowledge in computing?

Information that supports decisions and understanding

What are the three main computer capabilities?

Processing, Storage, Communication

What does a processor (CPU) do?

Performs computation, comparisons, and directs data movement

What is memory in computers?

Stores active programs and data; measured in bits, bytes, and words