One Health & Emerging Diseases

What is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems?

One Health

T/F One health recognizes the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and inter-dependent.

True

How would you explain the approach of One Health?

Multidisciplinarity

What does the approach of One Health do? (im sorry, maybe just read)

mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines and communities at varying levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems, while addressing the collective need for clean water, energy and air, safe and nutritious food, taking action on climate change, and contributing to sustainable development.

What organizations are involved in One Health? (13, im sorry)

- World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)

- Food and Agriculture

- Organization of the UN (FAO)

- Academic Institutions

- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

- National Institutes of Health (NIH)

- US Agency for International Development (USAID)

- World Bank

- Public Health Agencies in various countries

- Non-Governmental Organizations (EcoHealth Alliance, One Health Commission)

- World Health Organization (WHO)

- Wildlife Conservation Organizations (like the Wildlife Conservation Society)

- Environmental conservation groups (like the Nature

- Conservancy

One health issues:

◦ Climate change

◦ Infectious/zoonotic disease

◦ Waterborne disease

◦ Environmental health

◦ Pollution; air, soil, and water quality

◦ Chemical and pesticide use

◦ Emergencies and disasters

◦ Antimicrobial misuse & resistance

◦ Poaching and illegal wildlife trade

◦ Loss of biodiversity

◦ Habitat loss, deforestation, ecosystem

degradation

◦ Natural resource conservation

◦ Animal welfare, animal cruelty and neglect

◦ Health disparities

◦ Migration and displaced populations

◦ Famine and drought

◦ Human-animal bond

◦ Pet overpopulation

◦ Human overpopulation

◦ Food safety & food security

◦ Livestock health

◦ Comparative/translational medicine

okay?

okay!

What are some more examples of one health issues that you may not think of? (IDK there is hella slides of pictures????)

- Emergencies and disasters

- Human-Animal Bond

- Antimicrobial overuse & resistance

- Animal welfare

- ANIMAL CRUELTY OR NEGLECT

- Poaching and illegal wildlife trade

- Deforestation & land use change

- Loss of biodiversity

- Climate change

- Migration & displaced populations

- Natural resource conservation

- Migration & displaced populations

- Pet overpopulation

- Comparative medicine

I am going to do this differently: next cars have to deal with vertinarians roles in ONE HEALTH

okay girl

___ ____ between animal and human health organizations

Expanding communications

___ animal and human disease outbreaks

Investigating

Ensuring the ____ ____ ____ of all foods of animal origin— from the farm to the form

wholesomeness and safety

____ and ____ the health and welfare of all animals, domestic and wild

Protecting and advancing

Building and strengthening health infrastructures and helping communities around the world prepare for & recover from ____ and ___ ___

manmade and natural disasters

Conducting ____ to advance animal health and welfare, and human, public, and ecosystem health

research

Evaluating the safety and efficacy of ___ and ___ for use in humans and animals, as well as animal foods and food additives

medicines and products

Developing and implementing guidelines that govern ___ ____ of animals and animal products to not only protect animal health and welfare, but also human and ecosystem health

international trade

Building ___ ___ ___ to enhance early detection of, and response to, disease threats

global surveillance systems

_____ ____ ___- through programs that manage animal agricultural waste, safe disposal of pharmaceuticals, and utilize

environmentally conscious practices in the workplace

Protecting the environment

What is it called when veterinary practices have energy efficiency, solar power, water conservation, responsible chemical & drug use/disposal, waste reduction, green landscaping, suppliers that prioritize sustainability?

"Greening" of veterinary practices

Methane reduction, manure management

practices, water footprint reduction, integrated livestock-crop systems or agroforestry, deal with what???

Agricultural sustainability

Working to protect ___ and advance species ____

biodiversity, conservation

T/F Veterinarians can work with landowners/producers to maintain wild habitats, forests, riparian environments & wetlands and captive and free-ranging wildlife

True

What are the THREE take aways of how a veterinarian practice does One Health?

• A One Health system addresses client needs that may be overlooked by veterinary services, such as mental or

physical health issues, transportation limitations, and financial barriers clients face that impact the care provided to animal patients.

•A supportive One Health system may also reduce moral distress, burnout, and compassion fatigue among health professionals caring for families.

•A One Health system requires a team-based approach, including veterinary and human health care professionals, policymakers, and others helping to provide comprehensive and personalized services.

What are the TWO actions that veterinarian can do to practice One Health?

1. Know when to implement a One Health case management approach by asking these questions: (next card)

2. Develop cross-disciplinary relationships within the community to support a One Health system:

.

What questions should you ask to implement when dealing with One Health issues?

Is outreach needed to a human health care provider, public health professional, or social worker?

Who should be contacted and when? Is the situation urgent or emergent?

How should One Health outreach be documented? What follow-up is needed?

What are ways that a veterinarian Develop cross-disciplinary relationships within the community to support a One Health system?

Reach out to human health care professionals and collaborate on joint educational activities.

Work with community organizations to establish local meet-and-greet activities for One Health purposes.

Provide education on dog parks, community activities, and resources to improve health for people and pets.

Consider offering clinic shadow days and/or clinic "open houses" for those from other professions

T/F Veterinary and human health professionals occupy integral roles in a One Health system by providing inclusive, equitable,

and holistic health care for families and promoting positive social, economic, and environmental determinants of health.

True

Slide 27- 31 is slides IDK how to make those into quizlets so go and read the charts

im sorry these quizlets suck <3

What makes the connections between human

& animal diseases

sentinel events

What is the sentinel for WNV?

Birds

What are the THREE sentinel events of HPAI?

birds, cats, cattle

What is an example of ONE HEALTH in action with research and making a connection?

HPAI in dairy cattle

T/F With HPAI, there was a network of bovine and diagnostic veterinarians make the connection between cat and birds deaths and sick cattle

True

What is an example of what emerging infectious diseases?

• New pathogen or strain

• Known pathogen in new

location

• Known pathogen in new

population (species, age, etc.)

• Known pathogen rapidly

increasing in incidence

• Re-emergence of known

pathogen

What % of emerging diseases are zoonotic?

75%

Factors that can cause or contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases: (15, i am sorry yall, this is booty but im trying)

• Human population growth & expansion into new areas

• Global commerce and travel

• Microbial adaptation

• Antibiotic use and abuse

• Intensified agriculture and livestock production

• Building of dams and irrigation construction

• War and societal disruption

• Famine

• Relocation of animals

• Hunting/contact with exotic animals

• Deforestation and removal of wildlife habitat

• Global climate change

• Disasters (natural or human-caused)

• Bioterrorism

• Inadequate health care system or surveillance

What are some examples of emerging diseases in animals? (think viro and FAD)

• Foot and Mouth Disease

• African Swine Fever

• Classical Swine Fever

• Influenza: avian, canine, swine, etc.

• Newcastle Disease

• West Nile encephalitis (horses)

• Screwworm

• Heartwater

• Mpox

• Nipah virus

• Vesicular disease of swine

• Chronic wasting disease

slide 39 list of significant disease outbreak- idk if important,

she said dont memorize

In South Korea, there are how many confirmed F&M disease?

8

What is the largest animal health disaster in the US to date?

HPAI

What spp does ASF affect?

swine

What spp does Newcastle mainly effect?

poultry

How does the Panama & the US Commission for

the Eradication and Prevention of Livestock Screwworm (COPEG) eradicate screwworm?

release sterile male screwworm

flies in Panama to create a

biological barrier

What agency has put into place movement controls, increased surveillance activities, and education/outreach?

USDA

Nipah virus has a deadly belt. Where is this located?

India, Bangladesish, Malaysia

Where do you find Chronic Wasting Disease in the US?

midwest

T/F Emergence and spread of FIP due to a highly pathogenic canine/feline recombinant coronavirus

True