Calculations

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86 Terms

1
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1 teaspoon (tsp/t) = _ mL

5 mL

2
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1 tablespoon (tbsp/T) = _ mL

15 mL

3
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1 fl oz = _ mL

30 mL

4
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1 cup = _ oz and _ mL

  • 8 oz

  • 240 mL

5
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1 pint = _ oz and _ mL

  • 16 oz

  • 480 mL

6
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1 quart = _ pints and _ mL

  • 2 pints

  • 960 mL

7
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1 gallon = _ quarts and _ mL

  • 4 quarts

  • 3,840 mL

8
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1 kg = _ lbs

2.2 lbs

9
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1 oz = _ g

28.4 g

10
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1 lb = _ g and _ oz

  • 454 g

  • 16 oz

11
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1 grain (gr) = _ mg

65 mg

12
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1 in = _ cm

2.54 cm

13
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1 meter (m) = _ cm

100 cm

14
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Metric conversion order for grams

Kilo - Gram - Mili - Micro - Nano

  • each by 1000

15
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Metric conversion order for liters

Liter - Deci - Centi - Mili

  • each by 10

  • L to mL = 1,000

16
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%w/v

X g/100 mL

17
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%v/v

X mL/100 mL

18
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%w/w

X g/100 g

19
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Percent strength =

100/ ratio strength (after the :)

20
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Ratio strength =

100/ percent strength

21
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PPM → percent strength

Move the decimal LEFT 4 places

22
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Percent strength → PPM

Move the decimal RIGHT 4 places

23
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Specific gravity (SG) =

g/mL

24
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Dilution + concentration forumula

C1Q1 = C2Q2

25
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What is the concentration of a diluent

0% (Ex: petroleum, lanolin, alcohol, ointment base, inert base, aquaphor)

26
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When do you use C1V1 = C2V2?

When you have 2 concentrations

27
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When do you use alligation?

When you have 3 concentrations

28
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Osmolarity is looking at

Dissociation of particles

29
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# of osmoles in dextrose

1

30
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# of osmoles in mannitol

1

31
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# of osmoles in KCl

2

32
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# of osmoles in NaCl

2

33
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# of osmoles in NaC2H3O2 (sodium acetate)

2

34
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# of osmoles in MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate)

2

35
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# of osmoles in CaCl2

3

36
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# of osmoles in Na3C6H5O7 (sodium citrate)

4

37
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Ionization (i) increases by _ with each dissociated ion

0.8 (starting at 1 dissociated ion = 1 i)

38
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Isotonicity (E value) =

(58.5)(i) / (MW)(1.8)

39
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Steps for isotonicity problems

  1. Calculate total g of NaCl needed by multiplying 0.9% NS by desired mL

  2. Calculate g of NaCl equivalent for drug by multiplying g of drug by E

  3. Subtract step 2 from step 1 to get amount of NaCl needed

40
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Milliequivalents is looking at

Valence electrons

41
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mEq of NH4Cl (ammonium chloride)

1

42
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mEq of KCl

1

43
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mEq of KC6H11O7 (potassium gluconate)

1

44
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mEq of NaC2H3O2 (sodium acetate)

1

45
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mEq of NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate)

1

46
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mEq of NaCl

1

47
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mEq of CaCO3 (calcium carbonate)

2

48
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mEq of CaCl2

2

49
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mEq of FeSO4 (ferrous sulfate)

2

50
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mEq of Li2CO3 (lithium carbonate)

2

51
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mEq of MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate)

2

52
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BMI =

  • kg/[m]2

  • (lbs/[in]2) × 703

53
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Normal weight BMI range

18.5-24.9

54
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IBW (males) =

50 + (2.3)(# of in >60)

55
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IBW (females) =

45.5 + (2.3)(# of in >60)

56
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ABW =

IBW + 0.4(TBW - IBW)

57
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If TBW < IBW (pt is underweight)

Use TBW for ALL medications

58
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If TBW ~ IBW (pt is normal weight)

  • Use TBW for MOST medications

  • Use IBW for aminophylline, theophylline, acyclovir, and levothyroxine

59
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If TBW ≥ 120% of IBW (pt is obese)

-Use TBW for LMWHs, UFH, and vancomycin

-Use IBW for aminophylline, theophylline, acyclovir, and levothyroxine

-Use ABW for aminoglycosides

60
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BUN: Scr ratio that indicates dehydration

> 20:1

61
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CrCl (mL/min) =

[(140-age)(kg)]/(72xSCr) (x0.85 if FEMALE)

62
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Which weight should you use in CrCl equation?

  • TBW<IBW: use TBW

  • TBW~IBW: use IBW

  • TBW>IBW + BMI ≥25: use ABW

63
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What is included in ABGs?

pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2 sat

64
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Steps to interpret ABG

  1. pH <7.35 → acidosis, pH >7.45 → alkalosis

  2. Respiratory: pCO2 <35 → alkalosis, pCO2 >45 → acidosis (opposite of what you think)

  3. Metabolic: HCO3 >26 → alkalosis, HCO3 <22 → acidosis

  4. Match the abnormal value to the pH

65
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Causes of anion gap acidosis

CUTE DIMPLES

  • Cyanide

  • Uremia

  • Toluene

  • Ethanol

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis

  • Isoniazid

  • Methanol

  • Propylene glycol

  • Lactic acidosis

  • Ethylene glycol

  • Salicylates

66
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Anion gap (AG) =

Na - Cl - HCO3

67
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In a weak acid, pH =

pKa + log [salt/acid]

68
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In a weak base, pH =

pKa + log [base/salt]

69
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In a weak acid, % ionization =

100 / [1+10(pKa-pH)]

70
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In a weak base, % ionization =

100 / [1+10(pH-pKa)]

71
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ANC (cells/mm3) =

WBC x [(%segs + %bands)/100]

72
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Degrees C =

(F-32) / 1.8

73
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Degrees F =

(C x 1.8) + 32

74
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Starting basal/bolus insulin in T1DM

  1. Calculate TDD of 0.5 units/kg/day (using TBW)

  2. 50% basal, 50% bolus

  3. Split bolus among meals

75
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Insulin-to-carb ratio (ICR) for regular insulins =

450 / TDD

76
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Insulin-to-carb ratio (ICR) for rapid-acting insulins =

500 / TDD

77
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Correction factor for regular insulin =

1,500 / TDD

78
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Correction factor for rapid-acting insulin =

1,800 / TDD

79
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Correction dose =

[(BG now) - (target BG)] / correction factor

(then add this to the units normally administered)

80
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LDL =

TC - HDL - (TG*/5)

*Do not use if TG >400

81
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KCl solution to tablets

KCl 10% = 20 mEq/15 mL

82
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Elemental calcium in calcium carbonate

40% elemental calcium

83
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Elemental calcium in calcium citrate

21% elemental calcium

84
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Aminophylline ← → Theophylline

ATM

Aminophylline to Theophylline Multiply by 0.8

85
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Statin equivalence

Pharmacists Rock At Saving Lives and Preventing Fatty deposits

  • Pitavastatin 2mg

  • Rosuvastatin 5 mg

  • Atorvastatin 10 mg

  • Simvastatin 20 mg

  • Lovastatin 40 mg

  • Pravastatin 40 mg

  • Fluvastatin 80 mg

86
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Insulin conversions

  • Usually 1:1

  • EXCEPT:

    • NPH BID → glargine daily, use 80% NPH dose

    • Toujeo → other glargine or detemir, use 80% Toujeo dose