DAANCE Module 5 questions and verified answers)frequently most tested questions | already passed!!

hypoxia

definition: deficiency of O2 in body tissues

consequences: cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, neurologic damage, death

airway obstruction

posterior positioning of the tongue or foreign body

- causes: poor head positioning, deep anesthesia, sedation

- signs: choking, gagging, suprasternal notch retraction

- treatment: 100% O2, head tilt-chin lift, suction, airway adjuncts

foreign bodies

- causes: dentures, surgical packs, teeth

- treatment: removal, chest compressions, laryngoscopy

laryngospasm

definition: reflex protecting vocal cords, causing airway obstruction

signs: crowing sounds, labored breathing, suprasternal retraction (skin in middle of neck sucks in)

treatment: 100% O2, proper head position, suction, succinylcholine

bronchospasm

definition: contraction of bronchi smooth muscles, restricting airflow

signs: wheezing, labored breathing

treatment: 100% O2, albuterol, Ipratropium, epinephrine, intubation

emesis with aspiration

definition: entry of stomach contents into lungs

signs: pneumonitis (lung tissue inflammation), rales (small clicking, bubbling, rattling sounds in lungs), tachycardia, dyspnea (difficulty breathing)

prevention: NPO guidelines, protective reflexes

hyperventilaiton

definition: excessive breathing, imbalance of oxygen and CO2

causes: anxiety, fear, pain, medication overdose

treatment: maintain airway, calm patient, avoid giving oxygen

respiratory depression and apnea

definition: cessation of breathing due to drugs or other causes

causes: narcotics, sedatives, muscle relaxants

treatment: drug reversal agents, mechanical ventilation

acute coronary syndrome

syndrome consisting of angina and MI

angina

chest pain due to diminished blood flow in coronary arteries

myocardial infarction

death of myocardial tissue due to total occlusion of coronary arteries

MONA acronym

memory tool for interventions in acute coronary syndrome

administer in the order of oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin, morphine sulfate

bradycardia treatment

terminate, 100% O2, IV atropine transport

SVT treatment

supine position, adenosine, saline flush, repeat if needed

premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) treatment

identify cause, correct, lidocaine

ventriciular tachycardia treatment

rapid, wide waveform with no discernable p waves

- 100% O2, amiodarone, cardioversion (treatment to restore normal heartbeat) if unstable

ventricular fibrillation treatment

CPR, AED, epinephrine, amiodarone

amiodarone

Antiarrhythmic

asystole/PEA treatment

administer CPR, epinephrine, consider vasopressin

vasopressin

hypertension treatment

terminate procedure, check monitor, manage cause, record vital signs, consider EMS

hypotension treatment

trendelenburg position, support airway, 100% O2, monitor, IV, fluid bolus

infiltration

- leakage of fluid into surrounding tissues, edema

- stop infusion, restart at another site

hematoma

- blood leakage into surrounding tissue results in firm, tender swelling

- firm pressure, later moist heat

phlebitis

- inflammation of a vein resulting in warm/cold feeling, edema, redness

- elevation, moist heat, NSAIDs

intra-arterial injection

prevention: angiocatheters, palpation, check blood flash

treatment: activate EMS, secure catheter, lidocaine injection, ice pack

hypoglycemia

blood glucose levels fall below normal, leading to various symptoms like nausea, hunger, tachycardia, irritability, lack of energy, restlessness, loss of consciousness, seizures, coma, hypothermia

treatment for mild hypoglycemia

- oral glucose or juice

- sugar rich foods

- confirm blood sugar with glucometer

treatment for severe hypoglycemia

1. activate EMS

2. establish IV access

3. measure blood sugar with glucometer

4. administer 1 amp of IV glucose (50 mL of 50% glucose solution)

5. IV influsion of destrose (5-20% in water)

6. if no IV access, then 1 mg glucagon IM

acute adrenal insufficiency

rare, life threatening condition due to inadequate production of cortisol by adrenal gland

caused by inadequate cortisol production or suppression by exogenous steroids