Exam 3 - salt/water

if blood volume increases, pressure in the atria of the heart activates stretch receptors via what

ANP

ANP signals a reduction in ____ (hormone) to cause less fluid reabsorption by the kidneys to reduce blood volume

ADH

what cells are stimulated to release renin

juxtaglomerular/granular cells

renin converts ____ into ___ which is converted by ____ into ___

angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, ACE, angiotensin II

what does angiotensin II cause

blood vessel restriction

enhance sodium and water reabsorption

$ release of aldosterone

$ ADH release from post. pituitary gland

what plasma levels stimulate aldosterone release

low sodium, high potassium

what is the primary target of aldosterone

principial cells of DCT in the kidney

what classifies Conn Syndrome/primary hyperaldosteronism

high sodium, low potassium

(absorbing lots of sodium and excreting lots of potassium)

what three states will the body be in when someone has Conn Syndrome

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

what nucleus synthesizes ADH/vasopressin

supraotpic

what is primary role of ADH

water reabsorption via principal cells of DCT and collecting ducts

decreased output of ADH is characteristic of which diabetes

central diabetes insipidus

what are physical characteristics of central diabetes insipidus

polyuria

dilute urine

hypotension

increased plasma concentration

abnormalities in the kidneys leading to decreased sensitivity to ADH in the principle cells of the collecting ducts is characteristic of which diabetes type

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus causes the kidneys to be unable to ___ urine

concentrate

excessive release of ADH form an autonomous site leading to fluid overload in patients, hypervolemia, highly concentrated urine, and hyponatremia are characteristic of what condition

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

what is the main function of EPO

RBC production

what conditions can cause high levels of EPO

anemia, hypoxia, kidney tumor, performance enhancing drugs

what is a negative effect of EPO

blood thickness

what is blood doping put simply

draw blood early season, inject later for performance enhancement