Globalization, Poverty, and Conflict: Vocabulary Flashcards (Video Notes)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, actors, policies, and events from the lecture notes on globalization, Mindanao, and development.

Globalization

The process by which money, goods, information, and people move across borders rapidly, enabled by advances in communication and travel, creating closer economic and social linkages.

Inequality under globalization

Globalization often concentrates benefits among a global elite while much of the population experiences marginalization and rising insecurity.

Mindanao (Muslim Mindanao)

Southern Philippines region studied as a case of globalization’s links to poverty, conflict, and development.

Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)

A Muslim separatist group in Mindanao that sought autonomy/independence; peace was agreed in 1996 but remains fragile.

Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)

A more radical Mindanao group that emerged from tensions with the MNLF, advocating for autonomy and sometimes engaging in armed conflict.

Nur Misuari

Founder of the MNLF; later governor of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao; argued development must accompany peace.

Development accompanying peace

Misuari’s view that government investment in infrastructure and local modernization is needed to secure sustainable peace.

Chico River Dam (1970s)

An early proposed dam whose resistance by Indigenous groups highlighted tensions between development and land rights.

San Roque Dam

A large hydroelectric project in Benguet funded by foreign sources (Miyazawa fund); protests raised concerns about flooding and indigenous rights.

Miyazawa fund

Japanese source of financing associated with the San Roque dam project.

World Bank (WB)

International lender whose development loans (e.g., in Mindanao) face donor fatigue and uneven progress; loans have been suspended in some protests cases.

Kalinga hydroelectric project

WB-funded hydroelectric project in Kalinga halted after village protests and media pressure.

Indigenous displacement and cultural erosion

Globalization-driven resource extraction dislocates Indigenous communities and erodes traditional culture and social ties.

Transnational corporations (e.g., Dole, Del Monte)

Multinational firms leasing large land tracts (pineapple/banana plantations) contributing to displacement and land concentration.

Overseas contract work

Labor migration where Filipinos work abroad on contracts; reshapes families and social institutions while sustaining remittances.

Remittances

Money sent home by migrant workers; important for consumption and some investment but not a substitute for broad development.

UN Charter on Migrant Workers

International framework recognizing workers’ rights to family reunification and protections for migrants.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Global trade body that oversees liberalization; pressures countries to join and can contribute to isolation for non-members.

Liberalization

Policy move toward freer trade and capital flows, often associated with neoliberal reforms.

Roberto Unger

Political economist who outlined four neoliberal pillars and argued for more democratic, active state roles in development.

Neoliberalism

Economic ideology emphasizing deregulation, privatization, liberalization, and reduced government involvement in production.

ADB Poverty Reduction Strategy (1991, 1998)

Development framework aiming to reduce poverty by delivering essential services, creating income opportunities, and mitigating risk for the poor.

Structural adjustment

IMF/World Bank/ADB policy packages of deregulation, currency stabilization, and fiscal measures intended to liberalize economies.

Dual economy

A split between a modern, urban sector and a large traditional/rural sector, often widened by globalization.

Polanyi

Karl Polanyi, author of The Great Transformation; argued that unregulated markets erode social protection and culture.

The Great Transformation

Polanyi’s 1944 work analyzing the social consequences of market liberalization and market integration of land, labor, and money.

Tobin Tax

Proposed tax on short-term financial transactions to curb volatile capital flows.

Asian Emergency Regional Fund

Suggested regional fund funded by dollar reserves to defend currencies from speculative attacks.