Breeding Management

Natural and AI

2 Methods of Breeding

Heterosis

-    amount by which the performance of the offspring exceeds the mean of each parent

Heat / Estrus Period

-    When the female will stand and allow to be mounted by the male.

Stages of Estrus

Pro Estrus, Estrus, Metestrus, Anestrus, Diestrus

Pro Estrus

Increase development of ovarian follicle

Estrus

sexual receptibility. Terminate at the ovulation

Metestrus

post-ovulatory phase. CL functions

Anestrus

long period of rest bet. Breeding season

Diestrus

short period of rest bet. Estrus in polyestrus animals

signs of Estrus

-    Swelling of the vulva

-    redness of the vulva

-    mucus secretion

-    anorexia

-    euphoria/ sounding

-    mounting other animal

-    frequent urination

-    standing heat (sexual receptivity)

Estrus Detection (sexual receptivity)

• haunch pressure test

• Riding the back test

• Teaser method

6 months

Physiological Data

• Puberty

5 days (when to breed: 2-3 days)

Physiological Data

• Estrus / Heat Period

18 - 24 days (average 21)

Physiological Data

• estrus / heat cycle

114 days

Physiological Data

• gestation period

1 : 10-15

Physiological Data

• Boar to Sow ratio (Junior Boar)

1 : 20-30

Physiological Data

• Senior Boar

1 : 50-80

Physiological Data

• A. I.

7 - 8 months

Physiological Data

• 1st time to breed (90-100kg)

6 - 9 days

Physiological Data

• dry period

7 - 8 months

Physiological Data

• Start using boar

1x/week

Physiological Data

• breeding load of boar - natural - junior boar

1x/day

Physiological Data

• breeding load of boar - natural - senior boar

1x/week

Physiological Data

• breeding load of boar - AI - 7-9 months

5-7x/week

Physiological Data

• breeding load of boar - AI - 9-12 months

7-8x/week

Physiological Data

• breeding load of boar - AI - 12-18 months

8-10x/week

Physiological Data

• breeding load of boar - AI - 18-up months

30-48

-    most eggs are ovulated bet __-__ hours from the time sows start to show external signs of heat

36-48

-    sperm cells survive in the genital tract for ____ hours (in most mammal)

12

-    When to follow up = ___ hours after the 1st breeding (gilt)

Whole Semen, Extended Semen, Frozen Semen

Artificial Insemination Applications

o Early in the morning

o Late in the afternoon

o Used a teaser/dummy

o Collect the 2nd fraction (sperm-rich)

Semen Collection

Semen Evaluation

o Color = creamy white

o Volume= ave of 200ml

o Concentration = 240 M/ml

o Above 80%

o PH =slightly alkaline

Semen Extension

o 1:1

o Extender- nutrition antibiotics

15-20 oC

Refrigeration of Fresh Semen

5 - 10 oC

Refrugeration of Extended Semen

12 hrs after collection and extension

Insemination

50

Inseminate __ml of extended semen

Physical Evaluation

-    presence of estrus/development of abdominal and mammary

Ballottement/Tactile Precusion

intermittent, firm, push-stroke is applied with the object of evoking motion in the underlying organ/fetus so causing it to rebound on the finger tip