AP Euro Unit 7: 19th Century Perspectives and Political Developments

What contributed to the development of nationalism?

Enlightenment ideas, industrialization, revolutionary movements

impact of nationalism

formation of new nation-states, reconfiguration of existing nation-states, conflict and violence, globalization

Triple Entente

France, Russia, and UK

Central Powers

Germany, Austro-Hungary, and Italy

What started World War I?

assassination of Franz Ferdinand

How did World War I end?

defeat of the Central Powers and signing of Treaty of Versailles

Who led movement of Italian unification?

Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo di Cavour, and Victor Emmanuel II

causes of the Crimean War

dispute between Russia and Ottoman Empire over rights of Christian minorities in Holy Land

impact of Crimean War

exposed weaknesses of Russian Empire and led to reforms in Ottoman Empire; paved way for unification of Italy and Germany by weakening power of Austria

causes of Balkan Wars

nationalism, Ottoman decline, competition among states

First Balkan War

Balkan League defeats Ottoman Empire and gains control of most of the Balkan territories; Treaty of London recognizes independence of Albania

Second Balkan War

Bulgaria attacks Serbia and Greece; Balkan League defeats Bulgaria and reduces its territory

Consequences of the Balkan Wars

weakened Ottoman Empire and contributed to its eventual collapse; Balkan states gained independence and established their own nation-states

motivations for new imperialism

nationalism, economic interests, strategic interests, social Darwinism, religious motivation

methods for new imperialism

military force, economic exploitation, cultural hegemony, diplomacy, propaganda

responses to European imperialism

resistance, diplomacy, collaboration, nationalism