APUSH UNIT 4

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson sent James Monroe to receive rights to use French land, but Monroe instead bought the entire area for $15 million, violated Jefferson’s strict constructionist view

Corps of Discovery

Lewis and Clark’s exploration of new land, resulted in more accurate geographical knowledge and diplomatic relations with native populations

Marbury v. Madison

established Judicial Review after John Adams had appointed 16 judges to new judge spots, and James Madison refused to instate many appointees

McCulloch v. Maryland

supreme court decided federal law trumps state law

Hartford Convention

deliberating on how to end war of 1812

War of 1812

started over tension with Britain after US had been pulled into Britian/France conflict, British stirred up issues between natives and US, and impressment. US won

Era of Good Feelings

national unity after victory

American System

Henry Clay’s provisions to the Constitution: federally funded internal improvements (vetoed), implementation of protective tariffs, and re-establishment of Bank of US

Talmadge Amendment

prohibited slavery in new states

Compromise of 1820

Missouri became a slave state and Maine became free, the 36 30 line separated slave states from free states

Adams-Onis Treaty

1819, Spain sold Florida to the US and established location of the southern border

Monroe Doctrine

Western hemisphere claimed as US sphere of influence and perpetually free from European powers

Market Revolution

Northern industries and Southern farms linked to advance agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation (spurred by creation of cotton gin and spinning machine)

tenaments

cheap, bad quality housing for mostly immigrants to live

Middle Class

businessmen, lawyers, doctors… growing income led to leisure activity indulgement

Cult of Domesticity

women expected to conform to societal norm of identity/purpose revolving around having children and taking care of the house

Panic of 1819

first depression, caused by irresponsible baking and decreased demand for exports, caused working men to pursue the right to vote so they could hold politicians accountable

Corrupt Bargain

1824 election John Q. Adams was endorsed by house speaker Henry Clay and voted president, JQA immediately appointed Clay as Secretary of State

Tariff of 1828

raised import duties up to 50%, North loved because it protected industry but South hated because they needed the imported goods

Doctrine of Nullification

states had the power to determine federal laws’ constitutionality and could nullify

Force Bill

Jackson’s response to SC’s nullification doctrine, allowed him to use federal troops to enforce federal law (SC nullified this bill)

Indian Removal Act

1830, resettlement of Indian nations across Mississippi River

Worcester v. Georgia

Georgians did not view Cherokee nation as sovereign, but court ruled them as such so no Georgia laws could be imposed upon their boundaries

Treaty of New Echota

US officials had undesignated group of Cherokee sign to exchange their land in GA for land west of Mississippi River

Trail of Tears

forced removal of natives from their claimed lands

Transcendentalism

transcendent power/beauty of nature, followed thought patterns of European romanticism at the time

2nd Great Awakening

evangelicals gave feverish teachings, emphasized society’s reform, the meetings were egalitarian (all types of people)

Temperance Movement

inspired by 2nd Great Awakening, crusade against alcohol consumption, created American Temperance Movement that targeted drinking, working class men

The Liberator

William Lloyd Garrison’s abolitionist newspaper that helped to convince white folks to take a stand against slavery

Seneca Falls Convention

1848, New York, first women’s rights conference

Declaration of Sentiments

called for women’s rights, equality in education and voting

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

black laborer organized slave revolt, killed 50+ white people, him and followers were hanged (increased fear for owners so they punished/disciplined harder)

Yeoman farmers

majority of southern, poor farmers, they did not own slaves but believed in slavery and the racial hierarchy