4.3 Socialism Key Thinkers

Revolutionary Socialists

Marx + Engels

Rosa Luxemburg

Social Democrats

Anthony Crosland

Beatrice Webb

Third Way Socialism

Anthony Giddens

Marx + Engels Key Beliefs

historical materialism

dialectical change

class consciousness

M+E Key Quote

“the proletariat has nothing to lose but their chains”

M+E Works

Das Kapital, The Communist Manifesto

M+E Application to Principles

workers’ control

social class

common humanity

Rosa Luxemburg Key Beliefs

revolution + overthrow of capitalism

class consciousness + proletariat

capitalism unsustainable

mass strikes + workers’ control (no vanguard party)

RL Key Quote

“the mass strike is the first, natural impulsive form of every great revolutionary struggle”

RL Key Work

Accumulation of Capital 1913

RL Principles

social class

workers’ control

equality

Beatrice Webb Ideas

inevitability of gradualness

elitist socialism (top down)

reforming capitalism

centralised state managed socialism guiding the masses (Stalin’s Russia)

Beatrice Web Key Quotes

‘Nature still obstinately refuses to co-operate by making the rich people innately superior to the poor people’

BW Works

Soviet Communism: A New Civilisation?

1935

BW application to themes

state

human nature

Anthony Crosland Beliefs

capitalism has reformed beyond Marxist understanding

role of the state to manage capitalism

democratic equality + communitarian society

mixed economy + welfare state

expansion of education

Crosland Works

1956

The Future of Socialism

Crosland Quotes

‘Marx has little or nothing to offer the modern socialist’

‘I’m going to destroy every grammar school in England and Wales’

Crosland Application to Themes

state

economy

society

Crosland Application to Principles

equality

common humanity

social class

Giddens Key Beliefs

mixed economy

minimal state intervention

social investment state

modernised with globalisation, knowledge econ + individual aspirations

importance of community

Giddens Key Quotes

the left should ‘get comfortable with the markets’

‘the new mixed economy looks… for a synergy between public and private sectors’

Giddens Key Works

The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy

1998

Giddens Application to Principles

common humanity

equality

workers’ control? (anti)

Giddens Application to Themes

Economy

State