HLTAAP002 test three

with which of the following are lymph nodes populated?

lymphocytes and macrophages

what happens if the lymphatic vessels and nodes are removed from the right axillary region?

the right arm may become oedematous

lymphatic capillaries:

absorb tissue fluid and transport it toward the heart

what is the term that refers to the removal of the palatine tonsils?

tonsillectomy

the spleen:

removes worn-out blood cells from the circulation

an overly active spleen may prematurely remove platelets from the circulation, thereby predisposing a person to:

thrombocytopenia and bleeding

what structure is concerned with the processing and maturation of T lymphocytes?

thymus gland

a lacteal is located within the:

intestinal villus

where does lymph originally come from?

interstitial spaces

redness, heat, swelling, and pain are indicative of:

inflammation

what is the term that refers to the use of dead or attenuated pathogens to stimulate antibody production?

immunisation

which of the following cells engulf the pathogen to achieve “antigen presentation”?

macrophages

which of the following T cells do not participate in the destruction of the pathogen but allow for a more rapid response if the antigen is presented at a later time?

memory T cells

an allergen is a:

antigen

binding of the bee venom allergen to antibodies on the mast cells causes a massive release of which substance?

histamine

an antipyretic drug:

lowers a fever

plasma cells:

are B-cell clones

which of the following T cells destroy pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and secreting lymphokines?

killer

what is the name of a severe hypersensitivity reaction?

anaphylaxis

which cells secrete a lymphokine that stimulates both T and B cells?

helper T cells

a breast-fed infant is initially immune to the same diseases as her mother. which of the following describes the infants immunity?

naturally acquired passive immunity

which of the following conditions is most common in people with AIDS

infections

which of the following protective proteins swarm(s) the surface of a pathogen, punching holes in the membrane and enhancing phagocytosis?

complement

which of the following best describes an abscess?

walled off area of dead cells and their secretions

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin:

are secreted by the neurohypophysis

growth hormone

all of the above are true

enlargement of the thyroid gland

is called a goiter

abrupt, sudden withdrawal of prednisone (cortisol) is most likely to cause

acute adrenal insufficiency

steroids

include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens

which of the following is true of both prolactin and oxytocin? both

are concerned with lactation

a deficiency of insulin causes

hyperglycemia

epinephrine (adrenalin) increases blood glucose by

stimulating the hepatic conversion of glycogen into glucose

insulin and glucagon

are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose

estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

are secreted by the gonads

which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?

anterior pituitary gland

which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?

pineal gland

which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?

elevated plasma calcium level

crushing syndrome

may be causes by steroid (prednisone) therapy

T3, T4, and calcitonin are

secreted by the thyroid gland

an excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as

hirsutism

the secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. what is this interaction called?

negative feedback control

cretinism, myxoedema, and graves’ disease are all

disorders of thyroid gland function

glucagon

is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose

the secretion of this gland is described as sympathominmetic

adrenal medulla

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

control plasma levels of calcium

the adrenal medulla

is part of the fight-or-flight responses

ketosis and acidosis are

indicative of a rapid and incomplete metabolism of fatty acids

catecholamines

include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine

T3, and T4

regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR)

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin

high plasma levels of potassium

which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone?

it increases plasma levels of calcium

ketoacidosis is most related to

excess fatty acid catabolism

this adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance

aldosterone

a deficiency of ADH is most likely to

induce polyuria

emulsification is most associated with which substance?

bile

which of the following is caused by portal hypertension?

oesophageal varices

gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin are

hormones

this organ synthesises clotting factors, stores vitamins, detoxifies drugs, and helps regulate blood glucose levels

liver

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular refer to

salivary glands

which of the following best describes why food moves through the digestive system from the mouth toward the anus?

peristalsis

the fundus, body, and pylous are parts of the

stomach

which of the following best describes the chewing of food?

mechanical digestion

cellulose

is dietary fibre that cannot be digested by humans

hydrochloric acid, instinsic factor, and gastrin are

secreted by the stomach

the portal vein carries blood that is rich in digestive end products to which organ?

liver

which of the following is true of lipase?

digestive fats

gingiva refers to the

gums

pain in the RLQ is most characteristic of

appendicitis

the stomach mixes and mashes a bolus of food that is called

chyme

which organ produces bile and secretes it into the hepatic ducts?

liver

obstruction of the common bile duct causes

jaundice

an antacid drug exerts its effect in the

stomach

the gastric parietal cells

secrete HCI and intrinsic fator

the common bile duct empties its contents into the

duodenum

which of the following words is most related to the microvilli?

absorption

which surgical procedure is most likely to cause dumping syndrome?

gastrectomy

enamel, dentin, and cementum are related to which structure?

tooth

which of the following best describes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?

small intestine

which structure prevents gastric reflux?

lower oesophageal sphincter

the vagus nerve

speeds up gut motility and secretion

sucrase, maltase, and lactase are

disaccharidases

which the following is defined as the involuntary rhythmic oscillating movements of the eyes?

nystagmus

which of the following structures secretes tears?

lacrimal gland

the malleus, incus, and stapes are called (the):

ossicles

the gustatory sensation is most related to the

taste buds

the semicircular canals are concerned with

balance

diminished drainage of aqueous humour through the canal of schlemm

elevates the intraocular pressure causing glaucoma

cerumen collects in the

outer ear

what is the location of the semicircular canals and the cochlea?

inner ear

which layer of the eyeball supplies blood to the retina?

choroid

which structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane

which of the following equipment is used to elicit the photo pupillary reflex?

penlight

which of the following best describes pupillary dilation?

mydriasis

in which condition is the eyelid not completely raised, thereby making the person appear sleepy?

ptosis of the lid

what is the name of the tube that connects the pharynx and middle ear?

eustachian

which cerebral lobe is concerned primarily with hearing?

temporal

tactile receptors are

activated by touch and pressure

which substance separates the outer ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane

which of the following structures secretes tears?

lacrimal gland

which of the following best describes pupillary dilation?

mydriasis