Enzymes and Cell Transport Flashcards

Flashcards covering enzymes, cell membranes, and cell transport based on lecture notes.

Activation Energy

Amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Reactants

Ingredients; what is used in the chemical reaction

Products

Result; what is made in the chemical reaction

Enzymes

Proteins that are catalysts; speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Active Site

Specific site on enzyme where substrate binds

Denaturation

When an enzyme’s active site shape changes and it loses its function; can be caused by extreme pH and temperature changes

Lipid Bilayer

A thin membrane made of phospholipid molecules

Cell Membrane

Selectively permeable barrier that can allow or prevent materials from entering/exiting the cell

Cell Transport

The movement of molecules across the cell membrane

Passive Transport

Does not use energy, moves from high to low concentration

Simple Diffusion

Small particles like oxygen or carbon dioxide move right through the cell membrane

Facilitated Diffusion

Bigger particles like glucose move through channels or carrier proteins in the cell membrane

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across the cell membrane

Active Transport

Uses energy (ATP), moves from a low to high concentration

Endocytosis

The cell takes in large particles by wrapping its membrane around them and pulling them inside

Exocytosis

The cell gets rid of large particles by pushing them out through the membrane