knowing oneself - characteristics, habits and experiences

self-awareness

is an understanding of oneself as unique from others

adolescence

is the period when a young individual develops from a child into an adult

experiences

shape our unique qualities

habits

when you do something repeatedly and regularly

characteristics

your features or own qualities that made you a unique person

self-esteem

your evaluation of your own self-worth, it may be positive or negative

positive self-esteem

pleasing and acceptable according to your standard and that of others

negative self-esteem

feeling distraught or down or unaccepted by others

Diener and Lucas 2017

‘thus, self-esteem does not imply that one believes that he or she is better than others, only that he or she is a person of worth‘

explicitly and implicitly

self-esteem can be tested in two ways: ?

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

is a popular explicit self-report measure of self-esteem

Stangor et al.

‘Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a popular explicit self-report measure of self-esteem.‘

self-efficacy

allowing people to effectively manage problems and achieve desired outcomes

measure of how much you like or esteem yourself, belief in your ability to suceed

self-esteem for _____ and self-efficacy for ______ (difference)

Syrett 2020

‘self-efficacy, on the other hand, refers to your belief in your ability to succeed or perform well in various areas of life, such as education, work and relationships‘

performance experiences, vicarious performances, verbal persuasion, imaginal performances, affective states and physical sensation

five different ways that influenced self-efficacy from Albert Badura

performance experiences

if you are good at achieving your specific goal, then you probably think that you will achieve it again

vicarious performances

if other achieved their goal or specific task, then you'll come to believe that you will also achieve your goal

verbal persuasion

when people tell you whether they believe or not on what you can do or cannot do

imaginal performances

when you imagine yourself doing well, then it will happen

affective states and physical sensations

if your mood or emotion and physical state come together, it will affect your self-efficacy

William James

‘the self is what happens when I reflect upon me‘

reflective project

Taylor described the self as a ________.

self as social actor, self as motivated agent, self as autobiographical author

Dan McAdam’s three categories of self

self as social actor

portraying different roles and behaviors for every type/set of people in front of us

self as motivated agent

act based on our purpose

self as autobiographical author

he/she is the creator of his/her own entire life story

judgment and decision making

as an individual, you are expected to act and decide on your own

Jhangiani 2020

‘it is recommended that people think through critical judgment or decision. unfortunately, we don’t always do so‘

six steps on how to make a rational decision

idea of Bazerman and Moore in 2013 reiterated by Jhangiani

six steps on how to make a rational decision (enumerate)

1. define the problem

2. identify the criteria necessary to judge the multiple options

3. weight the criteria

4. generate alternatives

5. rate each alternative

6. compute the optimal decision