behavior, emotions, decision making, personality: prefrontal and anterior temporal lobes

globally, the prefrontal cortex is responsible for

• ____ behavior

• _____

• _____ making

• _____ behavior

• _____

goal directed, emotions, decision, social, personality

cortex responsible for goal directed behavior and divergent thinking

lateral pre-frontal

basal ganglia goal directed and behavior circuit is in the _____ cortex

lateral pre frontal

basal ganglia goal directed circuit is responsible for _____ making, _____, choosing _____, and ____ skills

decision, planning, actions, learning, motor

structures involved in goal directed behavior and divergent thinking

lateral prefrontal cortex, caudate, globus pallidus, thalamus

lateral prefrontal cortex is responsible for ____ memory

working

lateral prefrontal cortex: _____ memory, judgement, _____, ____ reasoning, ____ attention, ___ activity, _____ socially inappropriate behavior

working, planning, abstract, dividied, sequencing, inhibit

lesion to what cortex causes inability to set goals, plan, execute, or monitor progress of goals

lateral prefrontal cortex

lesion to the lateral prefrontal cortex has _____ effect on intelligence

little

cortex responsible for emotions and self awareness

medial prefrontal

short term subjective experience

emotions

basal ganglia emotion circuit controls _____ expression, _____ and _____

expression, motivation, addiction

medial prefrontal identifies ____ stimuli and generates/perceives ____

emotional, emotion

structures regulating emotion

amygdala, area 52, anterior insula, ventral striatum, thalamus

automatic regulation of emotion: ignoring, _____, ______

leaving, denying

voluntary regulation of emotion: when ____ decide to control emotions

consciously

lesion to which cortex causes apathy, lack of emotions, impairs understanding of others, paranoia/delusions

medial prefrontal

cortex that controls emotions/motivation circuit

ventral prefrontal

emotion/motivation circuit controls ______ behavior, finding ____

reward seeking, pleasure

structures involved in emotion/motivation

nucleus accumbens, ventral striatum

ventral striatum is responsible for ____ and _____, links ____ and ____with behaviros

motivation, reward, emotion, motivation

two motivations pathways

reward and avoidance

neurotransmitter that effects motivation

dopamine

reward pathway: _____ area → ____ → ______

ventral tegmental, midbrain, ventral striatum

avoidance pathway: _____ are projections → _____

ventral tegmental, medial prefrontal cortex

circuit that guides behavior, inhibit undesirable behavior, process social cognition

social behavior circuit

basal ganglia social behavior circuit is in the _____ cortex

ventral prefrontal

basal ganglia social behavior circuit is responsible for regulation of emotion ______, _____ and _____

expression, motivation, addiction

social behavior circuit controls _____ and ____, recognize social _____, selects ____ vs _____ info, read social _____

mood, affect, disapproval, relevant, irrelevant, cues

lesion to what cortex causes poor judgement, impulsiveness, difficult conforming to social conventions, inappropriate social behavior

ventral prefrontal

lesion to the ventral prefrontal area results in _____ intellect

intact

social decision making

____ info → ______ ______ ______ → _____ and _____ areas → social behavior

sensory, anterior insula, amygdala, social behavior circuit, motor areas, endocrine and autonomic func

ability to manage personal and social life

emotional and social intellegence

emotional and social intellegece requires function of

ventral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, anterior insula

personality characteristics associated with increased volume of the ventral prefrontal cortex

extroversion

personality characteristics associated amygdala, anterior, mid-cingulate, hippocampus

neuroticism

personality characteristics associated with temporoparietal association area

agreeableness

results from loss of prefrontal cortex emotion regulation

emotional lability

emotional lability

• abrupt _____ shifts

• involuntary, inappropriate ____ expression

• emotion triggered by _____ stimuli

mood, emotional, non-specific

most common ventral striatum disorder

apathy

disorder of decreased behavioral control in response to stimulus use of substance regardless of negative effects

addiction

addiction depends on ability of drug to ____ dopamine in person

increase

ventral striatum disorders: ____ activity of circuit connecting ventral striatum, ____ cortex, and _____

excessive, anterior cingulate, amygdala

somatic nervous system = ______ tension

skeletal muscle

autonomic nervous system = changed in _____

blood flow

neuroendocrine nervous system: release of ____ into blood stream

epinephrine

chronic stress causes release of

• _____ and peptides → impair ____ func

• _____, ____ and ____ → increase risk of _____

• ____ and _____ → increase risk of _____

norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, norepinephrine, type II diabetes, norepinephrine, ATP, heart attack/stroke

false beliefs despite evidence to the contrary

delusions

two types of delsions

simple, complicated

simple delusion occurs with delirium, ____, vascular ____

alzheimers, dementia

complex delusion occurs with _____

schizophrenia

sensory perceptions experience without corresponding stimuli

hallucinations

two types of hallucinations

visual, auditory

excessive excitement, euphoria, delusion, and overactivity

mania

mania: racing _____, disregard for _____, _____ behavior

thoughts, consequences, energetic

causes of mania: ____, ____ disorder, _____ side brain lesions

drugs, bipolar, right

inflexible, maladaptive patterns or inner experience and behavior

personality disorders

3 types of personality disorders

eccentric, acting out, fearful

tension or uneasiness that accompanies anticipating danger

anxiety

with anxiety, the ____ NS is overactive

autonomic

3 types of anxiety disorders

generalized, social, panic

symptoms of panic disorder

• pounding _____

• rapid ____

• _____

• feeling of ____

• difficulty _____

• ____

• feeling ____

hr, hr, sweating, choking, breathing, nausea, faint

persistent upsetting thoughts and compulsive behavior

OCD

OCD is associated with increased _____ activity

amygdala

re-experience original event in flashcards/night mares

PTSD

PTSD is associated with overactive _____, ____ and _____ cortex

amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate

sense of hopelessness and worthlessness

major depressive disorder

major depressive disorder is associated with a decrease in _____ in CSF

serotonin

in major depressive disorder, _____ cortex is tonically overactive

rostral cingulate

range from impaired social skills, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors

ASD

with ASD, hypoactive ____ and _____ reward pathways

social, non social

extreme mood swings

bipolar disorder

characterized by emotional ____ and _____

highs, lows

bipolar disorder is hypoactive ____ and _____ prefrontal cortex

lateral, medial

disordered thinking, delusions, hallucinations, lack of motivation, apathy, and social withdrawal

schizophrenia

schizophrenia is characterized by poor _____ memory

working

executive function is impaired with _____

schizophrenia

poor judgement, decreased goal directed behavior, memory deficits, slow info processing, attention disorders, poor divergent thinking

TBI