Regional Anatomy III Week 7

What perfuses the foregut?

Celiac trunk

What perfuses the midgut?

Superior mesenteric artery

What perfuses the hindgut?

inferior mesenteric artery

Where does the midgut begin?

The pyloric orifice

Where does the midgut end?

The ileocecal junction

What is an AKA for the midgut?

Small intestine

What are the 3 parts of the midgut?

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

What regions of the abdomen is the duodenum located in?

epigastric and umbilical regions

Where does the duodenum terminate?

The duodenal flection (junction)

What is the first part of the duodenum?

Superior

What is the second part of the duodenum?

Descending

What is the third part of the duodenum?

Horizontal (inferior)

What is the fourth part of the duodenum?

Ascending

Which part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal?

first part

Which surface of the duodenum is covered by peritoneum?

Anterior

What is the name of the suspensory muscles at the duodenal flexure?

Ligament of treitz

T or F: The ligament of treitz is a ligment

False (it is just muscles)

What does the ligament of treitz connect?

Right crus of diaphragm and duodenojejunal flexure

T or F: The jejunum and Ileum are more mobile than the duodenum

True

where does the jejunum begin?

duodenojejunal flexure

Where does the ileum end?

The ileocecal junction

T or F: There is a sharp demarcation between the ileum and jejunum known as the Ileojejunal flexure

False (they are not clearly demarcated

What do the coils of the ileum occupy?

Lower part of infra colic compartment of abdominal cavity

T or F: The jejunum has a larger diameter and thicker walls than the ileum

true

T or F: The circular folds are larger and more numerous in the ileum compared to the jejunum

False (they are larger and more numerous in the jejunum)

T or F: the arcades formed by jejunal arteries are longer than those formed by ileal arteries

True

Where are Peyer's patches found?

Ileum

What vertebral level does the SMA originate at?

L1

What does the SMA supply?

Head of pancreas

distal part of duodenum

jejunum

ileum

cecum

ascending colon

proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Which branch of the SMA supplies the lower part of the head of pancreas and distal half of duodenum?

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

What arteries anastomose with the inferior pancreatic duodenal artery?

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and branches of gastroduodenal artery

What is the aka for the jejunal and ileal arteries?

intestinal arteries

How many intestinal arteries are there?

12-15

What side of the SMA do the intestinal arteries originate from?

Left

What is the lowermost branch of the SMA?

Ileocolic artery

What side of the SMA does the ileocolic artery originate from?

right

Which branch of the SMA supplies the terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, and beginning of the ascending colon?

Ileocolic artery

Which arteries anastomose with the ileocolic artery?

Right colic artery and last iliac branch of the SMA

Which branch of the SMA supplies the ascending clan and beginning of transverse colon?

Right colic artery

What does the descending branch of the right colic artery anastomose with?

Ileocolic artery

What does the ascending branch of the right colic artery anastamose with?

middle colic artery

Which branch of the SMA exhibits considerable variability in its possible origination and may even be absent?

Right colic artery

Which branch of the SMA supplies the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon?

Middle colic artery

What does the right branch of the middle colic artery anastomose with?

right colic artery

What does the left branch of the middle colic artery anastomose with?

Left colic artery

What is the name of the blind-ended sac located in the right inguinal region inferior to the ileocecal junction?

Cecum

What is the name of the blind-ended tube that originates from the posteromedial aspect of the cecum?

Vermiform appendix

Which parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

Cecum, ascending, descending colon, and rectum

What is the main function of the large intestine?

absorption of water and electrolytes and storage of undigested materials

What is the name of the three bands of longitudinally arranged muscle muscle on the large intestine?

Teniae coli

T or F: Teniae coli are found on both the large and small intestine?

False (only found on the large)

What is the name of the fatty appendages on the large intestine?

Epiploic / omental appendices

What is the name of the sacculated segments of the large intestine?

Haustra

Where is the cecum usually located?

Right iliac fossa

What is an AKA for the ileocecal valve?

Ileal orifice

At what vertebral level does the sigmoid colon terminate?

S3

At what vertebral level does the rectum begin?

S3

Which part of the large intestine pierces the pelvic diaphragm?

rectum

How long is the anal canal?

1 1/2 inches

What is the name of the mesentery that covers the vermiform appendix?

Mesoappendix

What is the name of the junction of lateral and middle thirds of the appendix?

McBurney's point

At what vertebral level do the sensory fibers carrying pain from the appendix terminate at?

T10

Where does pain from the appendix refer to?

Periumbilical region

What do the peritoneal ligaments connect?

solid viscera to abdominal walls

What is the name of the two-layered folds of peritoneum that connect stomach to another viscus?

Omenta

What is the name of the two-layered folds of peritoneum connecting parts of the intestines to posterior abdominal wall?

Mesenteries

What is the largest peritoneal fold?

Greater omentum

Which peritoneal fold drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine?

Greater omentum

What attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm?

Falciform ligament

What suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver?

Lesser omentum

What is the fan-shaped peritoneal fold that binds the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall?

Mesentery

What binds the transverse colon and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall?

Mesocolon

What is the lowest branch of the abdominal aorta?

Inferior mesenteric artery

At what vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery branch off of the abdominal aorta?

L3

Which artery supplies the distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper half of anal canal?

Inferior mesenteric artery

Which branch of the IMA supplies the distal 1/3 of transverse colon and descending colon?

Left colic artery

Which branch of the IMA supplies the sigmoid colon?

Sigmoid artery

How many sigmoid arteries are there?

2-3

What do the sigmoid arteries anastomose with?

Each other

Which branch of the IMA supplies the rectum and upper half of the anal canal?

Superior rectal artery

What is the inferior continuation of the IMA?

Superior rectal artery

What is the continuous arterial channel that skirts the inner margin of the colon from ileocecal junction to rectosigmoid junction?

Marginal artery

Which arteries does the marginal artery consist of?

branches of:

ileocolic

right colic

middle colic

left colic

sigmoid arteries