Lewis Structures/Molecular Polarity/Bond Polarity/Hybridization/VSEPR Shape

Whats the electronegativity difference range of an ionic bond?

1.9 or greater

Whats the electronegativity difference range of a non-polar covalent bond?

0.0≤END≤0.4

Whats the electronegativity difference range of a polar covalent bond?

0.5≤END≤1.8

What makes a molecule non-polar?

If it is perfectly symmetrical

What makes a molecule polar?

If one area has more electrons than the rest (not symmetrical)

Octet Rule

Atoms are more stable with 8 valence electrons; this can be activated through ionization or covalent bonds

Octet Violators

H (only needs 2e-)

Be (only needs 4e-)

B (only needs 6e-)

Atomic numbers past 15 (past phosphorus/P) can have more than 8 electrons

Sigma Bond

1st covalent bond that forms

Pi Bond

2nd covalent bond (the bond counted AFTER the sigma single bond)

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 2 bonding electron pairs and 0 lone pairs?

linear

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 3 bonding electron pairs and 0 lone pairs?

trigonal planar

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 2 bonding electron pairs and 1 lone pair?

bent

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 4 bonding electron pairs and 0 lone pairs?

tetrahedral

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 3 bonding electron pairs and 1 lone pair?

trigonal pyramidal

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 2 bonding electron pairs and 2 lone pairs?

angular/bent

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 5 bonding electron pairs and 0 lone pairs?

trigonal bipyramidal

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 4 bonding electron pairs and 1 lone pair?

seesaw

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 3 bonding electron pairs and 2 lone pairs?

T-shaped

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 2 bonding electron pairs and 3 lone pairs?

linear

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 6 bonding electron pairs and 0 lone pairs?

octahedral

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 5 bonding electron pairs and 1 lone pair?

square pyramidal

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 4 bonding electron pairs and 2 lone pairs?

square planar

What is the VSEPR shape of a molecule with 7 bonding electron pairs and 0 lone pairs?

pentagonal bipyramidal

Ionic Bond melting point/boiling point

High

What are ionic usually made of?

Metal and Nonmetal

Ionic solids at room temperature

Crystalline solid

Ionic solids conductivity

Good

Ionic Solids ability to dissolve in water

Most dissolve

Do Ionic bonds have different electronegativity values?

Very different

Ionic of Covalent bonds which one stronger?

Ionic bond

Electronegativity

Chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself

What do covalent bonds occur between?

Nonmetals

Covalent solids at room temperature

solid, liquid, gas

Covalent bond boiling/melting point

Medium/Low

Covalent solids conductivity

poor/nonconductors

Covalent bond ability to dissolve in water

may or will not

Do covalent bonds have different electronegativity values?

similar/same

Linus Pauling (prob not important)

Proposed electronegativity arbitrary scale (0.0-4.0)