Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, including its functions, structures, processes involved in respiration, and mechanisms of gas exchange.

What are the major functions of the respiratory system?

To supply the body with oxygen for cellular respiration and to dispose of carbon dioxide.

Name the four processes involved in respiration.

1. Pulmonary ventilation, 2. External respiration, 3. Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood, 4. Internal respiration.

What is the difference between the conducting zone and the respiratory zone?

The conducting zone consists of structures that transport air to and from gas exchange sites, while the respiratory zone is where gas exchange occurs (includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli).

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.

What is the function of the larynx?

To provide a patent airway, route air and food into proper channels, and produce voice.

What is the structure and role of the trachea?

The trachea is a flexible windpipe composed of three layers (mucosa, submucosa, adventitia) that conducts air from the larynx to the bronchi.

Explain the roles of the alveoli in the respiratory system.

Alveoli are the sites of gas exchange, allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across their membranes.

What happens during inspiration?

Inspiration is an active process where the diaphragm and external intercostals contract, increasing thoracic volume and decreasing intrapulmonary pressure to draw air into the lungs.

What is the difference between atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure?

Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of air surrounding the body, while intrapulmonary pressure is the pressure within the alveoli that fluctuates with breathing.

How are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

Oxygen is transported as dissolved in plasma or bound to hemoglobin, while carbon dioxide is transported dissolved in plasma, bound to hemoglobin, or as bicarbonate ions.