Naming Covalent Compounds and Acids in Chemistry

Covalent Bond

Electrons are shared between nonmetals.

Molecule

Formed by covalent bonding of atoms.

Molecular Formula

Shows types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.

Diatomic Molecule

Contains two atoms of the same element.

Greek Prefixes

Used for naming binary molecular compounds.

Binary Molecular Compounds

Composed of two nonmetals.

Subscript

Indicates number of atoms in a formula.

Acid

Substance producing H+ in solution.

Binary Acid

Contains hydrogen and one other element.

Oxyacid

Contains hydrogen and a polyatomic oxyanion.

Acid Nomenclature

Rules for naming acids based on composition.

Hydro- Prefix

Used for binary acids starting with hydrogen.

Acid Naming Rule

Binary acids named 'hydro-root-ic' acid.

Oxyanion

Polyatomic ion containing oxygen.

ite to ous

Oxyanion ending in 'ite' forms 'ous' acid.

ate to ic

Oxyanion ending in 'ate' forms 'ic' acid.

Common Acids

Seven acids to memorize for chemistry.

Charge Balancing

Equal number of H+ to negative charge.

Carbon Monoxide

CO; first element has no prefix.

Dinitrogen Pentoxide

N2O5; example of binary molecular compound.

Sulfuric Acid

H2SO4; derived from sulfate ion.

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl; example of binary acid.

Phosphoric Acid

H3PO4; derived from phosphate ion.

Acetic Acid

HC2H3O2; common organic acid.

Ionic bonds form between

metals and nonmetals

covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

how name ionic bonds

1. Cation
- if cation is a transition metal, put the charge in roman numerals in parentheses next to cation
2. stem of anion + -ide

covalent naming

Mono: One
Di: Two
Tri: Three
Tetra: Four
Penta: Five
Hexa: Six
Hepta: Seven
Octa: Eight
Nona: Nine
Deca: Ten

Transition metals that don't have variable charges

: Cd+2, Ag+, Zn+2 Cu can have +1 or +2 charges.

Non-Transition metals but can have variable charges

: In, Sn, Tl, Pb, and Bi.

ionic bond and formula unit

the lowest whole-number ratio of positive to negative ions