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alimentary canal
fancy name for the organs that make up the actual tube of your digestive tract
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines
what organs are in the alimentary canal
accessory digestive organs
what do you call the organs that just help with digestion
liver, teeth, gallbladder, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas
accessory digestive organs
chewing
what is mastication
swallowing
what is deglutition
mechanical digestion
combination of chewing and stomach churning
food is chewed and broken down while being mixed with saliva
-tuonge mixes food into bolus and initiates swallowing
what happens during deglutition
bolus
ball of chewed food and saliva
absorption
the movement of nutrient out of the small intestine and into the bloodstream
defecation
the removal of undigested food waste from the alimentary canal through the anus
peristalsis
wavelike muscle movement that propels food forward through the alimentary canal
mixture of mucous and serous fluids
where does saliva come from
saliva
what part of the digestive system has the following function:
-helps to form a food bolus
saliva
what part of the digestive system has the following function:
-contains salivary amylase to begin starch digestion
saliva
what part of the digestive system has the following function:
-dissolves chemicals so they can be tasted
saliva
what part of the digestive system has the following function:
-contains immune response agents = antibodies, enzymes, WBC
peristalsis
slow rhythmic squeezing by smooth muscle; why we can eat and swallow while upside down
-circular outer layer
-longitudinal inner layer
-visceral peritoneum
-parietal peritoneum
4 tissue layers in the digestive organs
esophagus is smooth muscle, trachea has cartilage rings
how does your esophagus look different from your trachea
circular outer layer
layer that contracts first and acts as a valve
longitudinal inner layer
layer to contracts to propel foward
upper esophageal sphincter
sphincter between the pharynx and esophagus
cardioesophageal sphincter/lower esophageal
sphincter between the esophagus and stomach
pyloric sphincter
sphincter between the stomach and small intestine
ileocecal sphincter
sphincter between the small and large intestine
anal sphincter
sphincter between the anus/large intestine and outside
stomach
what part of the digestive system has the following function:
-acts as a temporary storage tank for food
stomach
what part of the digestive system has the following function:
-mechanical digestion grinds up food with 3 muscle layers
stomach
what part of the digestive system has the following function:
-has specialized cells that make and release pepsin, HCI, and a digestion stimulating hormone
stomach
what part of the digestive system has the following function:
-chemical breakdown of protein begins
stomach
what part of the digestive system has the following function:
-very little is absorbed here
Rugae
internal folds of the stomach mucosa, especially when it is empty
Increases surface area of the stomach to increase stomach volume when full
why are rugae important
chyme
acidic fluid; passes from stomach to small intestine that consists of gastric juices and partially digested food
duodenum, jejunum, and ilium
what are the 3 parts of the small intestine in order
villi of small intestine
finger like structures formed by the mucosa lining the small intestine
villi of small intestine
covered in absorptive cells and full of capillaries
microvilli
small projections of the plasma membrane; found on absorptive cells lining the villi
increases surface area for maximum absorption
purpose of villi and microvilli
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
parts of the large intestine in order
Absorbs water and holds indigestible food waste until it can be eliminated from the body as feces
-does not participate in any digestion of food
function of the large intestine
appendix
helps fight invading pathogens and helps repopulate the stomach and intestines with good bacteria
-internal is involuntary and prevents stool from leaking
-external is mostly voluntary and allows you to pass stool
what is the difference between the internal and external anal sphincters
pancreas
makes and releases digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate blood sugar
large intestine
absorbs water and changes the waste from liquid into stool
small intestine
most of the digestive enzymes are active in this structure, the majority of this structure is where nutrients are absorbed
esophagus
moves food from the mouth to the stomach
epiglottis
prevents choking by blocking the trachea when swallowing
liver
digestive function is to make bile
gall bladder
stores bile, and releases when fatty foods are eaten
small intestine
what is the main site of digestion and nutrient absorption
they are absorbed into the bloodstream
where do nutrients go after they are removed from food
poop and indigestible food waste
what are feces
defecation
word for expelling feces from the body