CAMBRIDGE IELTS 20 - TEST 2 - PASSAGE 1

manatee

a large water animal with front legs and a strong tail but no back legs that lives along the Atlantic coasts of West Africa and North and South America

aquatic

living in water, water-living, water-based #land, land-living

mammal

warm-blooded animals that have hair and feed their young with milk

dugong

a large sea animal with thick grey skin that lives mainly in the Indian Ocean and eats plants

flexible

not stiff, bendable, adjustable #inflexible, rigid

flipper

flat part like a fin used for swimming, flat arm, flat limb

broad

wide, large, extensive #narrow, thin

fluked

having tail parts like a whale

species

group of animals or plants with similar features

neck

part that holds the head, throat area, head support, link between head and body #body, tail

entire

whole, complete, full #part, piece

steer

guide, control, direct #drift

pectoral

related to the chest area #on the back

limb

arm, leg, flipper #body

propulsion

pushing forward, driving force, forward movement

pelvic bones

bones in the hip area, bones near the hips, bones in the rear

leftover

remainder, extra part, trace #main part, core

evolution

change over time, development over time, gradual change

visual

related to sight, appearance, look #hidden

wrinkled

not smooth, creased, crinkled #smooth, flat

sense

feel, detect, notice #ignore, miss

vibration

shaking, movement, trembling #stillness, calm

seagrass

grass-like plants growing in the sea, underwater grass #land plant, tree

marine plant

sea plant, water plant, aquatic plant #land plant, flower

graze

eat slowly over time, munch on plants, nibble

uproot

pull up, dig out, pull out by the roots #plant, bury

omnivorous

eating plants and animals #herbivorous, carnivorous

mollusc

sea animal with a soft body inside a shell

make up

account for, constitute, represent, comprise

herbivore

animal that only eats plants, plant-eater, vegetarian animal, grass-eater #carnivore, omnivore

molar

back tooth, chewing tooth, grinding tooth #incisor, front tooth

grind

break into small pieces, crush, mash

abrasive

rough, causing wear #smooth, soft

to be worn down

damaged by use, to be eroded, to be deteriorated #new

eventually

finally, at last, sooner or later #immediately

fall out

come out, become loose, detach

incisor

front tooth for cutting, sharp tooth, biting tooth #molar, back tooth

grasp

grab, hold, grip #release, drop

tear away

remove, pull apart, rip off #attach

seafloor

seabed, bottom of the sea, ocean floor

typically

normally, generally, most of the time #rarely

surface

to rise to the surface of water

frequently

often, regularly, many times #rarely, seldom

muscular

having muscles, strong, powerful #weak, feeble

diaphragm

muscle under lungs for breathing

adjust

change, modify, make suitable #keep, maintain

buoyancy

ability to float

contraction

a shortening of a muscle intentionally

compress

press together, squeeze, pack tightly #expand

intestine

gut, belly tube, digestive tube

float

stay on top of water, drift on water, be buoyant #sink

take advantage of

make use of, benefit from, make the most of

coastal

near the sea, seaside, shoreline #inland, central

mangrove

a tropical tree, found near water, whose twisted roots grow partly above ground

coral

a hard red, white, or pink substance formed from the bones of very small sea creatures

coral reef

underwater rock made by corals

inland

in or towards the middle of a country; away from the coast #coastal

lagoon

an area of sea water separated from the sea by a reef

subspecies

smaller group within a species

record

write down, note, document

restricted

limited, controlled, kept within limits

ambient

surrounding, nearby, local #distant

take refuge

find safety

outfall

place where water flows out, outlet, drain pipe #inlet

make use of

take advantage of, benefit from, utilize

landlocked

surrounded by land, no sea, no ocean #coastal, seaside

favour

like more, prefer #dislike

calm

peaceful, still, gentle #rough

shallow

not deep, low, surface-level #deep

endangered

in big danger, at risk of disappearing, dying out #safe

heightened

increased, greater, higher #lowered

extinction

death of a species

vulnerable

at risk, unprotected, susceptible #invulnerable

estimated

guessed, roughly calculated, approximated #exact

leather

material made from animal skin

tied to

connected with, linked to, related to

incidental

by chance, not on purpose, unplanned #intentional, purposeful

capture

catch, seize, take #release, free

undergo

go through, experience, face

entanglement

being twisted together, being caught, getting trapped

chief

main, most important, primary

strike

hit, impact, collision

limit

restrict, control, reduce

slow-moving

not fast, moving slowly, sluggish #fast-moving