Organic Chemistry Homologous Series and Functional Groups

Vocabulary flashcards covering the homologous series, functional group names, suffixes, examples, and general formulas from the lecture material.

Alkane

A homologous series containing the alkane functional group ($C-C$) with the suffix -ane, general formula $C_n H_{2n+2}$, and an example compound of ethane ($C_2H_6$).

Alkenes

A homologous series containing the alkenyl functional group ($C=C$) with the suffix -ene, general formula $C_n H_{2n}$, and an example compound of ethene ($H_2C=CH_2$).

Alkynes

A homologous series containing the alkynyl functional group ($-C \equiv C-$) with the suffix -yne, general formula $C_n H_{2n-2}$, and an example compound of ethyne ($HC \equiv CH$).

Alcohol

A homologous series containing the hydroxyl functional group ($-OH$) with the suffix -ol, general formula $C_n H_{2n+1}OH$, and an example compound of ethanol ($C_2H_5OH$).

Ether

A homologous series containing the alkoxy functional group ($R-O-R'$) with the suffix -oxy-, general formula $C_n H_{2n+2}O$, and an example compound of methoxyethane ($CH_3-O-C_2H_5$).

Aldehyde

A homologous series containing the aldehyde carbonyl functional group with the suffix -anal, general formula $C_n H_{2n}O$ ($C_n H_{2n+1}CHO$), and an example compound of propanal ($C_2H_5CHO$).

Ketone

A homologous series containing the ketone carbonyl functional group with the suffix -anone, general formula $C_n H_{2n}O$ ($R-CO-R'$), and an example compound of propanone ($CH_3COCH_3$).

Carboxylic Acid

A homologous series containing the carboxyl functional group ($-COOH$) with the suffix -anoic acid, general formula $C_n H_{2n}O_2$ ($C_n H_{2n+1}COOH$), and an example compound of propanoic acid ($C_2H_5COOH$).

Alkyl Group

The functional group associated with alkanes, characterized by single carbon-carbon bonds ($C-C$).

Alkenyl Group

The functional group associated with alkenes, characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond ($C=C$).

Alkynyl Group

The functional group associated with alkynes, characterized by a carbon-carbon triple bond ($-C \equiv C-$).

Hydroxyl Group

The functional group ($-OH$) characteristic of alcohols.

Alkoxy Group

The functional group ($R-O-R'$) characteristic of ethers.

Aldehyde Carbonyl Group

The carbonyl group located at a terminal carbon atom with a hydrogen atom attached, characteristic of aldehydes.

Ketone Carbonyl Group

The carbonyl group ($C=O$) bound between two carbon groups, characteristic of ketones.

Carboxyl Group

The functional group ($-COOH$) consisting of a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group, characteristic of carboxylic acids.