american pageant chapter 5

Jonathan Edwards

American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated the Great Awakening, a period of renewed interest in religion in America; famous speech "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

New York Slave Revolt

a violent armed uprising of enslaved people in New York City, who killed and injured several white colonists before their rebellion was brutally suppressed by authorities

George Whitefield

Masterful orator, rekindled the religiousness of the colonies during the Great Awakening. He was a leader of the "new lights"

John Peter Zenger

A newspaper printer from New York, was arrested and tried for seditious libel for attacking the royal governor. He was acquitted with the help of his lawyer, Andrew Hamilton. This was a huge step for the freedom of the press.

Phillis Wheatley

A slave girl from Boston, became a distinguished poet and was brought to England, where she published a book of her verses

John Copley

An American painter who fled to England to avoid the American Revolution, as he was regarded as a Loyalist.

South carolina slave revolt

Stono Rebellion of 1739, the largest slave uprising in the British colonies where enslaved people armed themselves, marched south to gain freedom in Spanish Florida, and killed white colonists before being suppressed by the militia

Paxton Boys

A group of Scots-Irish from the outskirts of Philadelphia, protested the Quakers' leniency toward the Indians. Their actions sparked the Regulator Movement in North Carolina

Great Awakening

A period of huge religious revival throughout the colonies, sparked by a few strong religious speakers, called the "new lights."

Regulator Movement

A movement in North Carolina where dissenters, mostly Scots-Irish, believed that tax money was being dealt unfairly

Old Lights

Conservative clergymen who were against the emotional approach of the Great Awakening

New Lights

Clergymen who defended the Great Awakening for reinvigorating American religion

Arminianism

the belief system championed by Jacobus Arminius, which posits that salvation is not predetermined but is available to all who freely choose to accept God's grace

Triangular Trade

A trade between America, the West Indies, and Africa, which some colonists took advantage of after the fall of the Royal African Company, and yielded great profits to its merchants.

Molasses Act

An act intended to end American trade with the French West Indies passed by Britain, which was largely overridden by smuggling and bribery.

Zenger Trial

advanced the idea of freedom of the press by establishing that truth could be a defense against libel

Michel Crevecoeur

known for his work Letters from an American Farmer (1782), particularly Letter III, "What Is an American?"He described a "new man" who emerged from diverse European backgrounds, fostered by American principles of freedom, hard work, and opportunity, which differed significantly from the rigid social structures of Europe.

John Trumbull

American painter famous for his historical paintings of the American Revolution

Poor Richard's Almanack

A bestselling book written by Benjamin Franklin that was a compilation of many different sayings

royal colonies

Colonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king's veto power over colonial laws.

proprietary colonies

Colonies under authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king.

Jacobus Arminius

a Dutch theologian whose ideas formed Arminianism