Biological Bases of Behaviour

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on the biological bases of behavior and the functions of the nervous system.

Neuropsychology

The branch of psychology that studies the relationships between brain function and behavior.

Neuron

The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system that transmits nerve impulses.

Action Potential

A temporary change in electrical potential that occurs when a neuron is activated, allowing it to transmit a signal.

Synapse

The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals.

Neurotransmitter

Chemical substances that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Central Nervous System

Consists of the brain and spinal cord, controlling most functions of the body and mind.

Peripheral Nervous System

The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, consisting of sensory and motor neurons.

Hippocampus

A brain structure associated with memory formation and spatial navigation.

Hypothalamus

A brain region involved in regulating bodily functions such as temperature and hunger.

Neurogenesis

The process of forming new neurons in the brain.

Neural Plasticity

The ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to experience, including learning.

Dendrite

The branched extension of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.

Myelin sheath

The insulating layer around many axons that speeds up electrical impulses.

Multiple Sclerosis

A disease that affects the central nervous system, characterized by the degeneration of myelin.

Electrochemical Process

The process by which neurons communicate through electrical impulses and chemical signals.

Pons

A part of the brainstem involved in regulating sleep and arousal.

Medulla Oblongata

The lower part of the brainstem that controls vital life functions such as heartbeat and breathing.

Cerebellum

A brain region that coordinates voluntary movements and balance.

Lobes of the Brain

Different regions of the brain, each associated with various functions such as vision, hearing, and movement.

Phrenology

An outdated theory that claimed personality traits could be determined by the shape of the skull.